-
卵巢癌是女性生殖器官常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率居妇科恶性肿瘤的第3位,病死率更是高居妇科肿瘤首位[1-3]。尽管可采用手术及术后化疗的方式来治疗早期卵巢癌患者,但卵巢癌术后的复发率仍高达50%~75%,5年生存率仅为30%[4]。复发性卵巢癌是指经过满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术和正规足量的化疗达到临床完全缓解、停药6个月后临床上再次出现肿瘤复发的征象。复发性卵巢癌患者的病情多已进展至晚期,无法治愈,并会对患者的生活质量及生命造成严重影响[5]。因此,尽早发现、诊断复发性卵巢癌并及时采取干预措施,对改善患者预后、延长生存时间具有重要意义。复发性卵巢癌的预后影响因素很多,包括病理类型、术前临床分期、术后再分期、血清肿瘤学标志物水平、术后残留癌灶大小和术后化疗的规范性等。
目前临床判断复发性卵巢癌的方法包括肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(cdarbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)和人附睾蛋白4(human epididymis protein 4,HE4)等]水平的检测、体格检查以及影像学检查,其中血清CA125在多种恶性肿瘤中高表达,缺乏特异性,采用血清CA125诊断复发性卵巢癌,结果存在约20%的假阴性[6]。CA125与HE4的联合检测大大提高了复发性卵巢癌诊断的特异度和灵敏度[7],但不能提供病变解剖形态学信息。影像学检查是诊断复发性卵巢癌不可或缺的手段,目前最常用的是CT检查。然而,CT检查在判断复发性卵巢癌腹膜增厚的良恶性方面有一定的限制。PET/CT将PET与CT完美融为一体,PET可提供病灶详尽的功能与代谢等分子信息,CT可提供病灶的精确解剖定位。与常规CT相比,PET/CT明显提高了病灶的检出率和诊断的准确率,因此可更加灵敏地检出复发性卵巢癌的转移灶。此外,葡萄糖的类似物18F-FDG作为PET/CT临床最常用的示踪剂,其在肿瘤病灶或因炎症、感染所致的白细胞增多的病灶中有不同程度的浓聚,可起到鉴别诊断的作用[8]。
本研究探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像联合CA125、HE4水平检测诊断复发性卵巢癌的效能及对腹膜转移的预后评估价值,现报道如下。
-
89例患者的一般信息、病理类型、临床分期、血清CA125水平、血清HE4水平、总生存期等临床资料的比较详见表1。
临床资料 复发组(n=59) 非复发组(n=30) 检验值 P值 年龄[M(P25~P75),岁] 51(26~82) 55(34~79) t=5.519 0.133 病理类型[例(%)] χ2=0.001 0.976 浆液性癌 51(86.44) 26(86.67) 透明细胞癌 8(13.56) 4(13.33) 术前FIGO临床分期[例(%)] χ2=10.936 0.004 Ⅰ期 0 0 Ⅱ期 20(33.90) 21(70.00) Ⅲ期 36(61.02) 9(30.00) Ⅳ期 3(5.08) 0 术后残端复发[例(%)] 26(44.07) − − − 腹膜转移[例(%)] 51(86.44) − − − 淋巴结肿大[例(%)] 36(61.01) − − − 腹腔外其他转移[例(%)] 24(40.68) − − − CA125水平中位数[M(P25~P75),U/mL] 616.70(12.0~3852.0) 28.77(4.0~91.8) t=3.657 <0.001 HE4水平中位数[M(P25~P75),pmol/mL] 333.10(49.8~1674.0) 82.73(17.5~218.1) t=4.630 <0.001 总生存期中位数[M(P25~P75),个月] 18(2~45) 31(17~57) t=4.482 <0.001 注:FIGO为国际妇产科联盟;CA125为糖类抗原125;HE4为人附睾蛋白4。−表示无此项数据 表 1 89例卵巢癌术后患者的临床资料
Table 1. Clinical data of 89 postoperative ovarian cancer patients
-
由表2可知,在89例卵巢癌(59例复发性卵巢癌、30例非复发性卵巢癌)术后患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断出复发性卵巢癌55例、非复发性卵巢癌28例。增强CT诊断出复发性卵巢癌47例、非复发性卵巢癌22例。
诊断结果 随访结果 合计 阳性 阴性 18F-FDG PET/CT阳性 55 2 57 18F-FDG PET/CT阴性 4 28 32 增强CT阳性 47 8 55 增强CT阴性 12 22 34 注:FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 2 89例卵巢癌术后患者的18F-FDG PET/CT和增强CT 显像的诊断结果比较(例)
Table 2. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT in the diagnosis of 89 postoperative ovarian cancer patients (case)
由表3可知,18F-FDG PET/CT显像评估复发性卵巢癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于增强CT,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
转移/复发部位 诊断方式 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 复发性卵巢癌(n=59) 18F-FDG PET/CT 93.22a(55/59) 93.33a(28/30) 93.26a(83/89) 96.49a(55/57) 87.50a(28/32) 增强CT 79.66(47/59) 73.33(22/30) 77.52(69/89) 85.45(47/55) 64.71(22/34) 术后残端复发(n=26) 18F-FDG PET/CT 92.31a(24/26) 81.25a(13/16) 88.10a(37/42) 88.89a(24/27) 86.67a(13/15) 增强CT 66.67(18/27) 43.75(7/16) 59.52(25/42) 66.67(18/27) 46.67(7/15) 腹膜转移(n=51) 18F-FDG PET/CT 88.00a(44/50) 80.77a(21/26) 85.53a(65/76) 89.80(44/49) 77.78a(21/27) 增强CT 71.43(40/56) 50.00(10/20) 65.79(50/76) 80.00(40/50) 50.00(10/20) 淋巴结转移(n=36) 18F-FDG PET/CT 91.67(33/36) 85.71a(12/14) 90.00a(45/50) 94.29(33/35) 80.00a(12/15) 增强CT 80.56(29/36) 50.00(7/14) 72.00(36/50) 80.56(29/36) 50.00(7/14) 腹腔外其他转移(n=24) 18F-FDG PET/CT 91.67(22/24) 75.00(6/8) 87.50(28/32) 91.67(22/24) 75.00(6/8) 增强CT − − − − − 注:a表示与增强CT相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=1.847~8.868,均P<0.05)。FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术。−表示无此项数据 表 3 59例复发性卵巢癌患者不同复发或转移部位的18F-FDG PET/CT和增强CT诊断效能的比较(%)
Table 3. Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT at different recurrence or metastasis sites in 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (%)
在59例复发性卵巢癌患者中,随访确诊术后残端复发患者26例、腹膜转移51例、淋巴结转移36例、腹腔外其他转移24例。其中,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断出术后残端复发患者24例、腹膜转移44例、淋巴结转移33例、腹腔外其他转移22例。增强CT诊断出术后残端复发患者18例、腹膜转移40例、淋巴结转移29例。因增强CT检查结果中关于腹腔外其他转移的资料不完整,无法评估腹腔外转移,故未纳入结果分析。
由表3可知,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断复发性卵巢癌术后残端复发患者的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于增强CT,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.457、4.800、8.868、3.857、5.400,均P<0.05)。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断复发性卵巢癌腹膜转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于增强CT,且除阳性预测值外,其他各项之间的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.410、4.870、8.038、8.433,均P<0.05)。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断复发性卵巢癌淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于增强CT,且除灵敏度、阳性预测值外,其他各项之间的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.094、5.263、2.885,均P<0.05)。
-
肿瘤标志物CA125、HE4水平检测联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断复发性卵巢癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为98.31%、96.67%、97.75%、98.31%、96.67%,高于CA125、HE4、18F-FDG PET/CT 3种方法单独及CA125、HE4两两联合检测对于不同复发或转移部位CA125、HE4、18F-FDG PET/CT 3种方法联合检查的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于CA125、HE4单独及两两联合应用,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.192~27.101,均P<0.05);3种方法联合检查的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均高于18F-FDG PET/CT单独应用,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.351~2.094,均P>0.05)(表4)。
不同的诊断方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 CA125 术后残端复发 65.38a(17/26) 43.75a(7/16) 57.14a(24/42) 65.38a(17/26) 43.75a(7/16) 腹膜转移 72.73a(40/55) 57.14a(12/21) 68.42a(52/76) 81.63a(40/49) 44.44a(12/27) 淋巴结转移 72.22a(26/36) 42.86a(6/14) 64.00a(32/50) 76.47a(26/34) 37.50a(6/16) 腹腔外其他转移 58.33a(14/24) 37.50a(3/8) 53.13a(17/32) 73.68a(14/19) 23.08a(3/13) 复发性卵巢癌 69.49a(41/59) 76.67a(23/30) 71.91a(64/89) 85.42a(41/48) 56.10a(23/41) HE4 术后残端复发 69.23a(18/26) 50.00a(8/16) 61.90a(26/42) 69.23a(18/26) 50.00a(8/16) 腹膜转移 76.74a(39/51) 56.00a(14/25) 69.74a(53/76) 78.00a(39/50) 53.85a(14/26) 淋巴结转移 66.67a(24/36) 42.86a(6/14) 64.00a(32/50) 76.47a(26/34) 64.00a(32/50) 腹腔外其他转移 62.50a(15/24) 50.00(4/8) 59.38a(19/32) 78.95(15/19) 30.78a(4/13) 复发性卵巢癌 67.80a(40/59) 70.00a(21/30) 68.54a(61/89) 81.63a(40/49) 52.50a(21/40) 18F-FDG PET/CT 术后残端复发 92.31(24/26) 81.25(13/16) 88.10(37/42) 88.89(24/27) 86.67(13/15) 腹膜转移 88.00a(44/50) 80.77(21/26) 85.53(65/76) 89.80(44/49) 77.78(21/27) 淋巴结转移 91.67(33/36) 85.71(12/14) 90.00(45/50) 94.29(33/35) 80.00(12/15) 腹腔外其他转移 91.76(22/24) 75.00a(6/8) 87.50(28/32) 91.67(22/24) 75.00a(6/8) 复发性卵巢癌 93.22(55/59) 93.33(28/30) 93.26(83/89) 96.49(55/57) 87.50(28/32) CA125+HE4* 术后残端复发 73.08a(19/26) 56.25a(9/16) 66.67a(28/42) 73.08a(19/26) 56.25a(9/16) 腹膜转移 82.35a(42/51) 64.00a(16/25) 76.32a(58/76) 82.35a(42/51) 64.00a(16/25) 淋巴结转移 77.78a(28/36) 71.43(10/14) 76.00a(38/50) 87.50a(28/32) 55.56a(10/18) 腹腔外其他转移 70.83a(17/24) 50.00(4/8) 65.63a(21/32) 80.95a(17/21) 36.37a(4/11) 复发性卵巢癌 81.36a(48/59) 76.67a(23/30) 79.78a(71/89) 87.27a(48/55) 67.65a(23/34) CA125+HE4+18F-FDG PET/CT 术后残端复发 100.00(26/26) 93.75(15/16) 97.62(41/42) 96.30(26/27) 100.00(15/15) 腹膜转移 98.04(50/51) 96.00(24/25) 97.37(74/76) 98.04(50/51) 96.00(24/25) 淋巴结转移 97.22(35/36) 92.86(13/14) 96.00(48/50) 97.22(35/36) 92.86(13/14) 腹腔外其他转移 100.00(24/24) 87.50(7/8) 96.88(31/32) 96.00(24/25) 100.00(7/7) 复发性卵巢癌 98.31(58/59) 96.67(29/30) 97.75(87/89) 98.31(58/59) 96.67(29/30) 注:*表示当CA125>35 U/mL或HE4>140 pmol/L时视为阳性;a表示与CA125+HE4+18F-FDG PET/CT联合检查比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.192~27.101,均P<0.05)。CA125为糖类抗原125;HE4为人附睾蛋白4;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术 表 4 59例复发性卵巢癌患者的肿瘤标志物、18F-FDG PET/CT及其不同联合方式的诊断效能比较(%)
Table 4. Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of tumor markers, 18F-FDG PET/CT and different combinations in 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (%)
-
18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数SUVmax及其联合血清CA125、HE4诊断复发性卵巢癌的ROC曲线分析结果显示,SUVmax的诊断临界值为5.60,AUC为0.949,95%CI:0.909~0.990;血清CA125水平的诊断临界值为91.80 U/mL,AUC为0.858,95%CI:0.728~0.938;HE4水平的诊断临界值为196.89 pmol/L,AUC为0.825,95%CI:0.737~0.912;HE4+CA125+18F-FDG PET/CT的曲线下面积为0.997,95%CI:0.993~1.002(图1)。
-
由表5可知,Cox模型评估国际妇产科联盟临床分期、血清CA125水平、血清HE4水平、淋巴结肿大、腹膜转移、腹腔外其他转移对复发性卵巢癌患者生存率影响的结果显示,腹膜转移是影响复发性卵巢癌患者的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。
影响因素 风险比 95%置信区间 P值 国际妇产科联盟临床分期 7.891 0.632~98.486 0.109 CA125水平 1.020 0.995~1.045 0.119 HE4水平 1.002 0.981~1.024 0.852 腹膜转移 55.688 3.784~819.477 0.003 淋巴结肿大 0.663 0.079~5.588 0.706 腹腔外其他转移 0.733 0.107~5.025 0.752 注:CA125为糖类抗原125;HE4为人附睾蛋白4 表 5 59例复发性卵巢癌患者预后影响因素加权Cox回归分析结果
Table 5. Weighted Cox regression analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer
51例腹膜转移阳性与25例腹膜转移阴性的复发性卵巢癌患者的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果显示,腹膜转移阴性患者的总生存期明显高于腹膜转移阳性患者,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.320,P<0.001)(图2)。
-
在51例复发性卵巢癌腹膜转移患者中,35例复发性卵巢癌腹膜转移病灶位于腹膜种植转移易感区,16例位于腹膜种植转移低度易感区。
51例复发性卵巢癌腹膜转移患者均存在腹膜增厚,其中规则增厚18例,不规则增厚33例。腹膜不规则增厚的患者中,28例表现为结节状增厚,5例表现为肿块状增厚。腹膜不规则增厚患者中11例表现为系膜及网膜“污迹样”改变,5例表现为网膜“污迹样”改变及系膜结节状增厚。
CT未显示出有明显病灶而18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断为复发性卵巢癌、后经随访结束证实的典型病例图像见图3。
18F-FDG PET/CT 联合 CA125、HE4 在诊断复发性卵巢癌及其腹膜转移预后评估的价值
Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with CA125 and HE4 in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer and its peritoneal metastasis
-
摘要:
目的 探讨18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT联合糖类抗原125(CA125)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)水平在复发性卵巢癌的诊断和腹膜转移预后评估中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年6月在郑州大学第一附属医院接受18F-FDG PET/CT显像的89例卵巢癌术后患者的影像学资料和临床资料,其中59例经组织病理学检查确诊为复发性卵巢癌患者[复发组,中位年龄51(26~82)岁]、30例卵巢癌术后经组织病理学检查确诊为良性腹膜增厚患者[未复发组,中位年龄55(34~79)岁]。所有患者均随访至少1年。分别计算18F-FDG PET/CT和CT增强诊断复发性卵巢癌及术后残端复发、腹膜转移、淋巴结转移、腹腔外其他转移灶的效能。绘制18F-FDG PET/CT、CA125、HE4及其联合检测复发性卵巢癌的受试者工作特征曲线,并分析不同检查方法诊断复发性卵巢癌的效能。诊断效能之间的比较采用χ2检验。采用Cox模型进行多因素预后分析,评估多种因素对复发性卵巢癌患者预后的影响并计算95%置信区间(CI)。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析单个预后因素对复发性卵巢癌患者总生存期的影响。 结果 18F-FDG PET/CT诊断复发性卵巢癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.22%(55/59)、 93.33%(28/30)、 93.26%(83/89)、96.49%(55/57)、 87.50%(28/32),高于增强CT[79.66%(47/59)、73.33%(22/30)、77.52%(69/89)、85.46%(47/55)、64.71%(22/34)],各项之间的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.193~8.828,均P<0.05),同时,18F-FDG PET/CT对术后残端复发、腹膜转移、淋巴结转移的诊断效能(除腹膜转移阳性预测值、淋巴结转移灵敏度及阳性预测值外)均高于增强CT(χ2=2.885~8.868,均P<0.05)。18F-FDG PET/CT联合CA125及HE4诊断复发性卵巢癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为98.31%(58/59)、 96.67%(29/30)、97.75%(87/89)、98.31%(58/59)、 96.67%(29/30),高于三者单独应用或CA125+HE4联合应用,除18F-FDG PET/CT单独应用外,其他各项之间的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.192~27.101,均P<0.05),最大标准化摄取值的诊断临界值为5.60,血清CA125的诊断临界值为91.80 U/mL,HE4的诊断临界值为196.89 pmol/L。腹膜转移是复发性卵巢癌的预后独立影响因素(95%CI:3.784~819.477,P=0.003),腹膜转移阴性患者的总生存期明显高于腹膜转移阳性患者(χ2=30.320,P<0.001),腹膜转移病灶多分布于腹膜种植转移易感区。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在复发性卵巢癌复发诊断及转移灶评估中的效能优于增强CT;其代谢参数与血清肿瘤学标志物联合应用,可以提高对复发性卵巢癌的诊断效能。 Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT combined with carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) levels in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer and prognostic evaluation of peritoneal metastasis. Methods The imaging data of 89 postoperative ovarian cancer patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological examinations diagnosed 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (recurrence group, median age: 51(26–82) years), whereas 30 patients with ovarian cancer were diagnosed with benign peritoneal thickening by histopathological examination after surgery (non-recurrence group, median age: 55(34–79) years). All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer and postoperative stump recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and other metastases outside the abdominal cavity was calculated. The receiver operator characteristic curve of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CA125, HE4 alone, and combined detection of recurrent ovarian cancer was obtained, and the efficacy of independent or combined detection of recurrent ovarian cancer was analyzed. Comparison of diagnostic efficency used χ2 text. The Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis to evaluate the influence of multiple factors on the prognosis of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and calculate the 95% confidence interval (CI). Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to analyze the influence of a single prognostic factor on the overall survival of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Results The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing recurrent ovarian cancer were 93.22%(55/59), 93.33%(28/30), 93.26%(83/89), 96.49%(55/57) and 87.50%(28/32), respectively, which were higher than those of contrast-enhanced CT (79.66%(47/59), 73.33%(22/30), 77.52%(69/89), 85.46%(47/55), and 64.71%(22/34)). The differences among all items were statistically significant (χ2=4.193–8.828, all P<0.05). In addition, the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for postoperative stump recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, and lymph node metastasis (except the positive predictive values of peritoneal metastasis, sensitivity, and lymph node metastasis) were all higher than those of the contrast-enhanced CT (χ2=2.885–8.868, all P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with CA125 and HE4 in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer were 98.31%(58/59), 96.67%(29/30), 97.75%(87/89), 98.31%(58/59), and 96.67%(29/30), respectively, which were higher than the three methods were applied alone or two combined applications, except for the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT alone, the differences between the other items were statistically significant (χ2=5.192–27.101, all P<0.05). The diagnostic cut-off values of standardized uptake, serum CA125, and HE4 were 5.60, 91.80 U/mL, and 196.89 pmol/L, respectively. Peritoneal metastasis is an important independent prognostic factor for recurrent ovarian cancer (95%CI: 3.784–819.477, P=0.003). The overall survival of patients with negative peritoneal metastasis was significantly higher than that of patients with positive peritoneal metastasis (χ2=30.320, P<0.001). Peritoneal metastasis lesions were mostly distributed in the susceptible area of peritoneal implantation and metastasis. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT performs better than contrast-enhanced CT in recurrence diagnosis and metastasis assessment of recurrent ovarian cancer. 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, serum tumor markers, and the combined use of drugs can improve the diagnostic efficiency for recurrent ovarian cancer. -
表 1 89例卵巢癌术后患者的临床资料
Table 1. Clinical data of 89 postoperative ovarian cancer patients
临床资料 复发组(n=59) 非复发组(n=30) 检验值 P值 年龄[M(P25~P75),岁] 51(26~82) 55(34~79) t=5.519 0.133 病理类型[例(%)] χ2=0.001 0.976 浆液性癌 51(86.44) 26(86.67) 透明细胞癌 8(13.56) 4(13.33) 术前FIGO临床分期[例(%)] χ2=10.936 0.004 Ⅰ期 0 0 Ⅱ期 20(33.90) 21(70.00) Ⅲ期 36(61.02) 9(30.00) Ⅳ期 3(5.08) 0 术后残端复发[例(%)] 26(44.07) − − − 腹膜转移[例(%)] 51(86.44) − − − 淋巴结肿大[例(%)] 36(61.01) − − − 腹腔外其他转移[例(%)] 24(40.68) − − − CA125水平中位数[M(P25~P75),U/mL] 616.70(12.0~3852.0) 28.77(4.0~91.8) t=3.657 <0.001 HE4水平中位数[M(P25~P75),pmol/mL] 333.10(49.8~1674.0) 82.73(17.5~218.1) t=4.630 <0.001 总生存期中位数[M(P25~P75),个月] 18(2~45) 31(17~57) t=4.482 <0.001 注:FIGO为国际妇产科联盟;CA125为糖类抗原125;HE4为人附睾蛋白4。−表示无此项数据 表 2 89例卵巢癌术后患者的18F-FDG PET/CT和增强CT 显像的诊断结果比较(例)
Table 2. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT in the diagnosis of 89 postoperative ovarian cancer patients (case)
诊断结果 随访结果 合计 阳性 阴性 18F-FDG PET/CT阳性 55 2 57 18F-FDG PET/CT阴性 4 28 32 增强CT阳性 47 8 55 增强CT阴性 12 22 34 注:FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 3 59例复发性卵巢癌患者不同复发或转移部位的18F-FDG PET/CT和增强CT诊断效能的比较(%)
Table 3. Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT at different recurrence or metastasis sites in 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (%)
转移/复发部位 诊断方式 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 复发性卵巢癌(n=59) 18F-FDG PET/CT 93.22a(55/59) 93.33a(28/30) 93.26a(83/89) 96.49a(55/57) 87.50a(28/32) 增强CT 79.66(47/59) 73.33(22/30) 77.52(69/89) 85.45(47/55) 64.71(22/34) 术后残端复发(n=26) 18F-FDG PET/CT 92.31a(24/26) 81.25a(13/16) 88.10a(37/42) 88.89a(24/27) 86.67a(13/15) 增强CT 66.67(18/27) 43.75(7/16) 59.52(25/42) 66.67(18/27) 46.67(7/15) 腹膜转移(n=51) 18F-FDG PET/CT 88.00a(44/50) 80.77a(21/26) 85.53a(65/76) 89.80(44/49) 77.78a(21/27) 增强CT 71.43(40/56) 50.00(10/20) 65.79(50/76) 80.00(40/50) 50.00(10/20) 淋巴结转移(n=36) 18F-FDG PET/CT 91.67(33/36) 85.71a(12/14) 90.00a(45/50) 94.29(33/35) 80.00a(12/15) 增强CT 80.56(29/36) 50.00(7/14) 72.00(36/50) 80.56(29/36) 50.00(7/14) 腹腔外其他转移(n=24) 18F-FDG PET/CT 91.67(22/24) 75.00(6/8) 87.50(28/32) 91.67(22/24) 75.00(6/8) 增强CT − − − − − 注:a表示与增强CT相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=1.847~8.868,均P<0.05)。FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术。−表示无此项数据 表 4 59例复发性卵巢癌患者的肿瘤标志物、18F-FDG PET/CT及其不同联合方式的诊断效能比较(%)
Table 4. Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of tumor markers, 18F-FDG PET/CT and different combinations in 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (%)
不同的诊断方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 阳性预测值 阴性预测值 CA125 术后残端复发 65.38a(17/26) 43.75a(7/16) 57.14a(24/42) 65.38a(17/26) 43.75a(7/16) 腹膜转移 72.73a(40/55) 57.14a(12/21) 68.42a(52/76) 81.63a(40/49) 44.44a(12/27) 淋巴结转移 72.22a(26/36) 42.86a(6/14) 64.00a(32/50) 76.47a(26/34) 37.50a(6/16) 腹腔外其他转移 58.33a(14/24) 37.50a(3/8) 53.13a(17/32) 73.68a(14/19) 23.08a(3/13) 复发性卵巢癌 69.49a(41/59) 76.67a(23/30) 71.91a(64/89) 85.42a(41/48) 56.10a(23/41) HE4 术后残端复发 69.23a(18/26) 50.00a(8/16) 61.90a(26/42) 69.23a(18/26) 50.00a(8/16) 腹膜转移 76.74a(39/51) 56.00a(14/25) 69.74a(53/76) 78.00a(39/50) 53.85a(14/26) 淋巴结转移 66.67a(24/36) 42.86a(6/14) 64.00a(32/50) 76.47a(26/34) 64.00a(32/50) 腹腔外其他转移 62.50a(15/24) 50.00(4/8) 59.38a(19/32) 78.95(15/19) 30.78a(4/13) 复发性卵巢癌 67.80a(40/59) 70.00a(21/30) 68.54a(61/89) 81.63a(40/49) 52.50a(21/40) 18F-FDG PET/CT 术后残端复发 92.31(24/26) 81.25(13/16) 88.10(37/42) 88.89(24/27) 86.67(13/15) 腹膜转移 88.00a(44/50) 80.77(21/26) 85.53(65/76) 89.80(44/49) 77.78(21/27) 淋巴结转移 91.67(33/36) 85.71(12/14) 90.00(45/50) 94.29(33/35) 80.00(12/15) 腹腔外其他转移 91.76(22/24) 75.00a(6/8) 87.50(28/32) 91.67(22/24) 75.00a(6/8) 复发性卵巢癌 93.22(55/59) 93.33(28/30) 93.26(83/89) 96.49(55/57) 87.50(28/32) CA125+HE4* 术后残端复发 73.08a(19/26) 56.25a(9/16) 66.67a(28/42) 73.08a(19/26) 56.25a(9/16) 腹膜转移 82.35a(42/51) 64.00a(16/25) 76.32a(58/76) 82.35a(42/51) 64.00a(16/25) 淋巴结转移 77.78a(28/36) 71.43(10/14) 76.00a(38/50) 87.50a(28/32) 55.56a(10/18) 腹腔外其他转移 70.83a(17/24) 50.00(4/8) 65.63a(21/32) 80.95a(17/21) 36.37a(4/11) 复发性卵巢癌 81.36a(48/59) 76.67a(23/30) 79.78a(71/89) 87.27a(48/55) 67.65a(23/34) CA125+HE4+18F-FDG PET/CT 术后残端复发 100.00(26/26) 93.75(15/16) 97.62(41/42) 96.30(26/27) 100.00(15/15) 腹膜转移 98.04(50/51) 96.00(24/25) 97.37(74/76) 98.04(50/51) 96.00(24/25) 淋巴结转移 97.22(35/36) 92.86(13/14) 96.00(48/50) 97.22(35/36) 92.86(13/14) 腹腔外其他转移 100.00(24/24) 87.50(7/8) 96.88(31/32) 96.00(24/25) 100.00(7/7) 复发性卵巢癌 98.31(58/59) 96.67(29/30) 97.75(87/89) 98.31(58/59) 96.67(29/30) 注:*表示当CA125>35 U/mL或HE4>140 pmol/L时视为阳性;a表示与CA125+HE4+18F-FDG PET/CT联合检查比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.192~27.101,均P<0.05)。CA125为糖类抗原125;HE4为人附睾蛋白4;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术 表 5 59例复发性卵巢癌患者预后影响因素加权Cox回归分析结果
Table 5. Weighted Cox regression analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of 59 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer
影响因素 风险比 95%置信区间 P值 国际妇产科联盟临床分期 7.891 0.632~98.486 0.109 CA125水平 1.020 0.995~1.045 0.119 HE4水平 1.002 0.981~1.024 0.852 腹膜转移 55.688 3.784~819.477 0.003 淋巴结肿大 0.663 0.079~5.588 0.706 腹腔外其他转移 0.733 0.107~5.025 0.752 注:CA125为糖类抗原125;HE4为人附睾蛋白4 -
[1] Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in185 countries[J]. CA: Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394−424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492. [2] 严浩, 何杨, 杨润峰, 等. 复发性卵巢癌的临床特点分析[J]. 中国医师杂志, 2015, 17(4): 487−490. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1372.2015.04.003.
Yan H, He Y, Yang RF, et al. Clinical features of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer[J]. J Chin Physician, 2015, 17(4): 487−490. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1372.2015.04.003.[3] Lee CK, Lord S, Grunewald T, et al. Impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery on survival in patients with platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: analysis of the CALYPSO trial[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2015, 136(1): 18−24. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.09.017. [4] 李敏, 李绪清, 颜士杰, 等. 18F-脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT联合CA125在诊断卵巢癌复发转移中的应用价值 [J]. 重庆医科大学学报, 2017, 42(12): 1635−1638. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.001417.
Li M, Li XQ, Yan SJ, et al. Value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT combined with serum carbohydrate antigen 125 in detecting the recurrence and metastasis of postoperative ovarian cancer [J]. J Chongqing Med Univ, 2017, 42(12): 1635−1638. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.001417.[5] 邵婷, 陈秀玮. 卵巢癌的病因假说及危险因素和流行病学研究进展[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志: 电子版, 2013, 7(19): 8894−8897[2020-08-27]. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/zhlcyszz201319081. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2013.19.082.
Shao T, Chen XW. Etiological hypothesis, risk factors and epidemiological research progress of ovarian cancer[J/OL]. Chin J Clin (Electron Ed), 2013, 7(19): 8894−8897[2020-08-27]. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/zhlcyszz201319081. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2013.19.082.[6] Thrall MM, DeLoia JA, Gallion H, et al. Clinical use of combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in recurrent ovarian cancer[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2007, 105(1): 17−22. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.10.060. [7] 徐晓伟, 周春英, 王俊霞, 等. 血清甲胎蛋白、人附睾蛋白4及糖类抗原125水平与卵巢癌相关性分析[J]. 临床合理用药杂志, 2015, 8(4): 162, 164. DOI: 10.15887/j.cnki.13-1389/r.2015.04.098.
Xu XW, Zhou CY, Wang JX, et al. Correlation between serum alpha fetoprotein, human epididymal protein 4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 and ovarian cancer[J]. Chin J Clin Ration Drug Use, 2015, 8(4): 162, 164. DOI: 10.15887/j.cnki.13-1389/r.2015.04.098.[8] 关鑫, 刁海丹. HE4在卵巢癌术后复发中的预测价值研究[J]. 中国实用医药, 2016, 11(31): 61−62. DOI: 10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.31.035.
Guan X, Diao HD. Predictive value of HE4 in postoperative recurrence of ovarian cancer[J]. China Prac Med, 2016, 11(31): 61−62. DOI: 10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.31.035.[9] Anthony MP, Khong PL, Zhang JB. Spectrum of 18F-FDG PET/CT appearances in peritoneal disease [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 193(6): W523−W529. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.09.2936. [10] 卢淮武, 霍楚莹, 林仲秋. 《2019NCCN卵巢癌包括输卵管癌及原发性腹膜癌临床实践指南(第1版)》解读[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2019, 35(5): 536−546. DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2019050112.
Lu HW, Huo CY, Lin ZQ. Interpretation of 2019 NCCN clinical practice guidelines to ovariam cancer including fallopian cancer and primary peritoneal cancer (1st edition)[J]. Chin J Pract Gynecol Obstet, 2019, 35(5): 536−546. DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2019050112.[11] 卢淮武, 霍楚莹, 许妙纯, 等. 《2020NCCN卵巢癌包括输卵管癌及原发性腹膜癌临床实践指南(第1版)》解读[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2020, 36(4): 340−348. DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020040113.
Lu HW, Huo CY, Xu MC, et al. Interpretation of "NCCN guidelines version 1.2020 ovarian cancer/fallopian tube cancer/primary peritoneal cancer"[J]. Chin J Pract Gynecol Obstet, 2020, 36(4): 340−348. DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020040113.[12] 罗丹, 孔为民. 复发性卵巢癌治疗的研究进展[J]. 癌症进展, 2019, 17(17): 2003−2006. DOI: 10.11877/j.issn.1672-1535.2019.17.17.06.
Luo D, Kong WM. Research progress in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer[J]. Oncol Prog, 2019, 17(17): 2003−2006. DOI: 10.11877/j.issn.1672-1535.2019.17.17.06.[13] 唐梅, 林丽慧, 林元, 等. 血清人附睾蛋白4与CA125在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其与预后的关系[J]. 解放军医学院学报, 2018, 39(1): 24−27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2018.01.007.
Tang M, Lin LH, Lin Y, et al. Expressions of serum human epididymis protein 4 and CA125 in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and their relationships with prognosis[J]. Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch, 2018, 39(1): 24−27. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2018.01.007.[14] 马克奇, 王丰梅. HE4、Kif2a在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达与研究进展[J]. 临床医药文献电子杂志, 2019, 6(70): 194. DOI: 10.16281/j.cnki.jocml.2019.70.173.
Ma KQ, Wang FM. Expression and research progress of HE4 and Kif2a in ovarian epithelial tumors[J]. Electron J Clin Med Lit, 2019, 6(70): 194. DOI: 10.16281/j.cnki.jocml.2019.70.173.[15] 卢媛媛, 江飞云, 吴守乐. 人血清附睾蛋白与糖类抗原检测在卵巢癌诊断中的价值[J]. 华北理工大学学报(医学版), 2018, 20(3): 214−219. DOI: 10.19539/j.cnki.2095-2694.2018.03.010.
Lu YY, Jiang FY, Wu SL. Value of serum HE4 and CA125 single and combined detection in ovarian cancer diagnosis[J]. J North China Univ Sci Technol: Health Sci Ed, 2018, 20(3): 214−219. DOI: 10.19539/j.cnki.2095-2694.2018.03.010.[16] Castellucci P, Perrone AM, Picchio M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in characterizing ovarian lesions and staging ovarian cancer: correlation with transvaginal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and histology [J]. Nucl Med Commun, 2007, 28(8): 589−595. DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e3281afa256. [17] Gu P, Pan LL, Wu SQ, et al. CA 125, PET alone, PET-CT, CT and MRI in diagnosing recurrent ovarian carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2009, 71(1): 164−174. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.02.019. [18] Yuan Y, Gu ZX, Tao XF, et al. Computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computer tomography for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(5): 1002−1006. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.112. [19] 智生芳, 毕伟, 黄晓红, 等. 18F-FDG PET/CT对卵巢癌患者术后复发、转移的诊断敏感性及准确性研究 [J]. 中国CT和MRI杂志, 2016, 14(2): 100−102, 111. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2016.02.032.
Zhi SF, Bi W, Huang XH, et al. Study on the sensitivity and accuracy of PET/CT 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer [J]. Chin J CT MRI, 2016, 14(2): 100−102, 111. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2016.02.032.[20] 卢仁泉, 郭林, 沈烨红. HE4在卵巢癌诊治中的临床应用评价[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2010, 20(9): 680−685. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3639.2010.09.008.
Lu RQ, Guo L, Shen YH. The value of human epididymis protein 4 in patients with ovarian cancer[J]. China Oncol, 2010, 20(9): 680−685. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3639.2010.09.008.[21] Hebel CB, Behrendt FF, Heinzel A, et al. Negative 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT predicts good cancer specific survival in patients with a suspicion of recurrent ovarian cancer [J]. Eur J Radiol, 2014, 83(3): 463−467. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.12.006. [22] Fularz M, Adamiak P, Czepczyński R, et al. Utility of PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer depending on CA 125 serum level[J]. Nuklearmedizin, 2015, 54(4): 158−162. DOI: 10.3413/Nukmed-0709-14-11. [23] Sironi S, Messa C, Mangili G, et al. Integrated FDG PET/CT in patients with persistent ovarian cancer: correlation with histologic findings[J]. Radiology, 2004, 233(2): 433−440. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2332031800.