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分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)是最常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,且发病率呈逐年迅速上升的趋势。甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin, Tg)是DTC患者随访时主要的血清肿瘤标志物,可监测治疗后肿瘤是否复发或转移[1]。高滴度甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody, TgAb)会影响Tg水平测定的准确性,亦会降低Tg作为肿瘤标志物的灵敏度[2]。关于TgAb阳性患者治疗后如何进行病情监测是临床工作中的一个难点问题。既往有研究者认为,TgAb可作为一种DTC替补肿瘤标志物[3],TgAb阳性患者远期肿瘤复发或转移的概率增加[4-5]。也有研究者认为,TgAb变化趋势较单一静态TgAb水平对DTC患者的病情监测更具意义[6-7]。目前的研究多针对TgAb与肿瘤远期复发或转移的关系,而对于治疗后早期疾病状态与TgAb的关系研究较少。本研究旨在探讨DTC患者术后131I治疗前、后TgAb水平的变化趋势对131I治疗效果的预测价值。
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由表1 可知,A组患者的年龄较B、C 组更大(F=3.48, P=0.03),淋巴结转移率更低(χ2=10.28,P<0.01),性别及其他病理基线资料3组间 的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
项目 影像学表现满意组
(n=54)影像学表现不满意组
(n=19)影像学表现不确切组
(n=22)检验值 P值 年龄( ±s,岁)$\bar x $ 40.02±11.18 32.42±10.85 36.73±10.61 F=3.48 0.03 性别[例(%)] − 0.10 女 48(88.9) 16(84.2) 15(68.2) 男 6(11.1) 3(15.8) 7(31.8) 肿瘤大小[M(P25~P75),cm] 左侧 0.80(0~1.50) 1.00(0.95~2.00) 0.30(0~1.45) χ2=4.28 0.12 右侧 0.45(0~1.00) 0.50(0~0.95) 0.80(0.75~1.43) χ2=2.05 0.36 周围侵犯[例(%)] − 0.90 是 5(9.3) 2(10.5) 3(13.6) 否 49(90.7) 17(89.5) 19(86.4) 双侧性[例(%)] χ2=1.77 0.41 是 20(37.0) 9(47.4) 6(27.3) 否 34(63.0) 10(52.6) 16(72.7) 多灶性[例(%)] χ2=0.57 0.75 是 23(42.6) 10(52.6) 10(45.5) 否 31(57.4) 9(47.4) 12(54.5) 淋巴结转移率[M(P25~P75),%] 22(13~41) 42(25~46) 49(34~59) χ2=10.28 <0.01 淋巴结分期[例(%)] − 0.20 N0 2(3.7) 0(0) 1(4.5) N1a 38(70.4) 11(57.9) 10(45.5) N1b 14(25.9) 8(42.1) 11(50.0) 合并桥本甲状腺炎[例(%)] χ2=0.29 0.86 是 30(55.6) 11(57.9) 11(50.0) 否 24(44.4) 8(42.1) 11(50.0) 注:−表示采用Fisher确切概率法,无检验值 表 1 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床及病理资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical and pathological data between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
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由表2可知,131I治疗后A、B、C 组DTC患者除治疗后6~12个月的TgAb变化速率外,在治疗后1.5、3~6、6~12个月复查时的TgAb变化率及变化速率的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。A组的TgAb变化率和变化速率均明显高于B组。131I治疗后TgAb水平持续上升者有5例,其中B组3例(15.8%)、C组2例(9.1%);其余90例患者TgAb水平均呈下降趋势或保持不变。
TgAb变化指标 影像学表现满意组
(n=54)影像学表现不满意组
(n=19)影像学表现不确切组
(n=22)χ2值 P值 1.5个月变化率 31(2~54) −8(−53~16) 1(−2~22) 12.70 0.002 1.5个月变化速率 83(1~187) −27(−201~64) 5(−10~152) 8.55 0.014 3~6个月变化率 48(33~69) −7(−45~15) 29(5~54) 22.79 <0.01 3~6个月变化速率 44(20~82) −8(−106~25) 51(10~104) 12.95 0.002 6~12个月变化率 60(44~74) 37(0~49) 53(15~70) 10.41 0.005 6~12个月变化速率 37(19~48) 30(0~50) 39(11~83) 2.08 0.350 注:TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 表 2 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者131I治疗后TgAb变化率和变化速率的比较[M(P25~P75) , %]
Table 2. Comparison of percent change and rate of change of thyroglobulin antibody between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients[ M ( P25~P75) , %]
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由表3可知,131I治疗前3组DTC患者的TgAb水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中A组治疗前的TgAb水平明显低于B组和C组。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,131I治疗前TgAb水平(
$ \;\beta $'/>'/>'/> =−0.006,OR=0.994,P<0.01)和治疗后1.5个月TgAb变化率($ \;\beta $'/>'/>'/> =0.327, OR=1.387,P=0.046)、3~6个月TgAb变化率($ \;\beta $'/>'/>'/> =2.521, OR=12.439,P=0.041)可能为131I治疗效果的独立影响因素(表4)。影响因素 影像学表现满意组
(n=54)影像学表现不满意组
(n=19)影像学表现不确切组
(n=22)检验值 P值 距离手术的天数[M(P25~P75), d] 90.50(66.25~106.75) 94.00(75.50~124.50) 81.50(63.25~98.25) χ2=4.93 0.08 2 h摄碘率( ±s, %)$\bar x $ 2.20±0.68 2.19±1.10 2.30±0.74 F=0.16 0.86 24 h摄碘率[M(P25~P75), %] 1.20(0.80~1.78) 1.10(0.45~2.25) 1.20(0.58~1.78) χ2=0.75 0.69 TSH [M(P25~P75), μIU/mL] 98.84(71.74~144.17) 102.00(71.12~150.00) 113.95(68.27~137.22) χ2=0.33 0.85 治疗前TgAb
[M(P25~P75), U/mL]111.90(83.78~214.70) 258.40(136.25~500.00) 294.95(149.75~500.00) χ2=16.03 <0.01 131I剂量[例(%)] − 0.002 3.70×103 MBq 49(90.7) 10(52.6) 19(86.4) 5.55×103 MBq 5(9.3) 9(47.4) 3(13.6) 注:TSH为促甲状腺激素;TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体。−表示采用Fisher确切概率法,无检验值 表 3 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者 131I治疗效果的影响因素
Table 3. Affecting factors of 131I therapeutic effect between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
因素 β 标准差 P值 OR值 年龄 0.078 0.046 0.088 1.082 淋巴结转移率 −2.015 1.251 0.107 0.133 治疗前TgAb水平 −0.006 0.002 <0.01 0.994 治疗后1.5个月TgAb变化率 0.327 0.164 0.046 1.387 治疗后3~6个月TgAb变化率 2.521 1.236 0.041 12.439 治疗后6~12个月TgAb变化率 −2.140 1.450 0.140 0.118 注:TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 表 4 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者 131I治疗效果的多因素Logistic 回归分析
Table 4. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis of 131I therapeutic effect between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
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ROC曲线分析结果表明,131I治疗前TgAb水平预测131I疗效的最佳临界值为201.4 U/mL,其灵敏度、特异度和曲线下面积(AUC)分别为74.1%、68.3%和0.740;治疗后1.5个月及3~6个月TgAb变化率预测疗效的最佳临界值分别为9.7%和19.2%,其灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积分别为72.2%、61.0%、0.660和87.0%、58.5%、0.752。其他具体数据见表5。
指标 最佳临界值 灵敏度(%) 特异度
(%)准确率
(%)阳性预测值
(%)阴性预测值
(%)曲线下面积 治疗前TgAb水平 201.4 U/mL 74.1(40/54) 68.3(28/41) 71.6
(68/95)75.5(40/53) 66.7(28/42) 0.740 治疗后1.5个月TgAb变化率 9.7% 72.2(39/54) 61.0(25/41) 67.4(64/95) 70.9(39/55) 62.5(25/40) 0.660 治疗后3~6个月TgAb变化率 19.2% 87.0(47/54) 58.5(24/41) 74.7(71/95) 73.4(47/64) 77.4(24/31) 0.752 注:TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 表 5 95例分化型甲状腺癌患者131I治疗前TgAb水平及治疗后TgAb变化率的诊断效能
Table 5. Diagnostic efficacy of TgAb level before 131I treatment and percent change of TgAb after treatment in 95 patients with differentiated thyoid carcinoma
甲状腺球蛋白抗体与分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗效果的关系研究
Studies on the relationship between thyroglobulin antibody and the therapeutic effect of 131I in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
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摘要:
目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者术后131I治疗前甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)水平及131I治疗后TgAb的变化趋势对131I治疗效果的预测作用。 方法 回顾性分析2016年12月至2018年5月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院接受甲状腺全切除术及131I治疗的TgAb阳性DTC患者95例,其中男性16例、女性79例,年龄11~63(37.74±11.27)岁。所有患者均在手术后2~6个月进行131I治疗。根据美国甲状腺协会指南中DTC治疗反应评估体系及影像学表现,按照疗效评价结果将患者分为影像学表现满意组(A组,54例)、影像学表现不满意组(B组,19例)、影像学表现不确切组(C组,22例)。观察3组患者131I治疗前TgAb水平、治疗后1.5、3~6、6~12个月的TgAb变化率及变化速率等指标,并对其可能影响疗效的因素进行分析。以治疗前TgAb水平、治疗后1.5个月和3~6个月TgAb变化率绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,确定其预测疗效的最佳临界值及诊断效能。计量资料的组间比较采用方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验;计数资料的组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法。对单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量采用多因素Logistic回归分析。 结果 单因素分析结果显示,3组DTC患者在年龄(F=3.48, P=0.03)、淋巴结转移率(χ2=10.28,P<0.01)、治疗前TgAb水平(χ2=16.03,P<0.01)、 131I剂量(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.002)和治疗后1.5、3~6、6~12个月复查时的TgAb变化率及变化速率(6~12个月变化速率除外)的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.55~22.79,均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,3组DTC患者在治疗前TgAb水平( $ \;\beta $ =−0.006,OR=0.994,P<0.01)和治疗后1.5个月TgAb变化率($ \;\beta $ =0.327,OR=1.387,P=0.046)、3~6个月TgAb变化率($ \;\beta $ =2.521,OR=12.439,P=0.041)的差异均有统计学意义。ROC曲线分析结果显示,治疗前TgAb水平预测131I疗效的最佳临界值为201.4 U/mL,灵敏度和特异度分别为74.1%、68.3%,曲线下面积为0.740;治疗后1.5个月和3~6个月TgAb变化率预测131I治疗效果的最佳临界值分别为9.7%和19.2%,灵敏度和特异度分别为72.2%、61.0%和87.0%、58.5%,曲线下面积分别为0.660和0.752。结论 DTC患者131I治疗前TgAb水平可以预测131I治疗效果,TgAb水平较低者疗效较好;131I治疗后TgAb水平下降越显著,提示治疗效果越好。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the predictive effect of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) level after operation and the trend of TgAb change after 131I treatment on the curative effect of 131I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods A total of 95 patients with DTC who were positive for TgAb and who underwent total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment in the Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2016 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 16 males and 79 females, aged 11−63 (37.74±11.27) years old. 131I treatment was administered 2–6 months after surgery. Based on the response to therapy assessment system of DTC in the American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines and according to the images, the curative effect was divided into three groups, namely, structural excellent response group (A group, 54 cases), structural incomplete response group (B group, 19 cases), and structural indeterminate response group (C group, 22 cases). The following parameters were observed among the three groups: TgAb level before 131I treatment; percentage change at 1.5 months, 3–6 months, and 6–12 months; and rate of change of TgAb. The factors that might affect the curative effect were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn with the following: the TgAb level before 131I treatment; percentage change of TgAb at 1.5 months after treatment; and percentage change of TgAb at 3–6 months after treatment. The best critical value for predicting therapeutic effect was determined, and the diagnostic efficiency was calculated. The measurement data were compared through variance analysis or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact text were used to compare the count data among the groups. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that may affect the curative effect. Results The univariate regression analysis results showed that the mean age (F=3.48, P=0.03), lymph node metastasis rate (χ2=10.28, P<0.01), TgAb level before 131I treatment (χ2=16.03, P<0.01), 131I dose (Fisher's exact text, P=0.002), percentage changeand and rate of change of TgAb (except percentage change at 6−12 months) at 1.5 months, 3−6 months, and 6−12 months were significantly different among the three groups (χ2=8.55–22.79, all P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that TgAb levels before 131I treatment were significantly different among the three groups (β=−0.006, OR=0.994; P<0.01), percentage change of TgAb at 1.5 months (β=0.327, OR=1.387; P=0.046), and percentage change of TgAb at 3−6 months (β=2.521, OR=12.439; P=0.041) had statistical significance. The optimal cut-off value of TgAb level on ROC curve was 201.4 U/mL with a sensitivity of 74.1% and specificity of 68.3%. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.740. The optimal cut-off values of the percentage change of TgAb in 1.5 months and for 3–6 months after treatment were 9.7% and 19.2%; the sensitivities were 72.2% and 61.0%; the specificities were 87.0% and 58.5%; and the AUCs were 0.660 and 0.752, respectively. Conclusions Postoperative TgAb level enabled the prediction of the therapeutic effect of 131I. Patients with lower TgAb level showed better therapeutic effect. The decrease of TgAb after treatment was more significant than before treatment, suggesting that the 131I therapeutic effect was satisfactory. -
表 1 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床及病理资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical and pathological data between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
项目 影像学表现满意组
(n=54)影像学表现不满意组
(n=19)影像学表现不确切组
(n=22)检验值 P值 年龄( ±s,岁)$\bar x $ 40.02±11.18 32.42±10.85 36.73±10.61 F=3.48 0.03 性别[例(%)] − 0.10 女 48(88.9) 16(84.2) 15(68.2) 男 6(11.1) 3(15.8) 7(31.8) 肿瘤大小[M(P25~P75),cm] 左侧 0.80(0~1.50) 1.00(0.95~2.00) 0.30(0~1.45) χ2=4.28 0.12 右侧 0.45(0~1.00) 0.50(0~0.95) 0.80(0.75~1.43) χ2=2.05 0.36 周围侵犯[例(%)] − 0.90 是 5(9.3) 2(10.5) 3(13.6) 否 49(90.7) 17(89.5) 19(86.4) 双侧性[例(%)] χ2=1.77 0.41 是 20(37.0) 9(47.4) 6(27.3) 否 34(63.0) 10(52.6) 16(72.7) 多灶性[例(%)] χ2=0.57 0.75 是 23(42.6) 10(52.6) 10(45.5) 否 31(57.4) 9(47.4) 12(54.5) 淋巴结转移率[M(P25~P75),%] 22(13~41) 42(25~46) 49(34~59) χ2=10.28 <0.01 淋巴结分期[例(%)] − 0.20 N0 2(3.7) 0(0) 1(4.5) N1a 38(70.4) 11(57.9) 10(45.5) N1b 14(25.9) 8(42.1) 11(50.0) 合并桥本甲状腺炎[例(%)] χ2=0.29 0.86 是 30(55.6) 11(57.9) 11(50.0) 否 24(44.4) 8(42.1) 11(50.0) 注:−表示采用Fisher确切概率法,无检验值 表 2 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者131I治疗后TgAb变化率和变化速率的比较[M(P25~P75) , %]
Table 2. Comparison of percent change and rate of change of thyroglobulin antibody between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients[ M ( P25~P75) , %]
TgAb变化指标 影像学表现满意组
(n=54)影像学表现不满意组
(n=19)影像学表现不确切组
(n=22)χ2值 P值 1.5个月变化率 31(2~54) −8(−53~16) 1(−2~22) 12.70 0.002 1.5个月变化速率 83(1~187) −27(−201~64) 5(−10~152) 8.55 0.014 3~6个月变化率 48(33~69) −7(−45~15) 29(5~54) 22.79 <0.01 3~6个月变化速率 44(20~82) −8(−106~25) 51(10~104) 12.95 0.002 6~12个月变化率 60(44~74) 37(0~49) 53(15~70) 10.41 0.005 6~12个月变化速率 37(19~48) 30(0~50) 39(11~83) 2.08 0.350 注:TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 表 3 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者 131I治疗效果的影响因素
Table 3. Affecting factors of 131I therapeutic effect between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
影响因素 影像学表现满意组
(n=54)影像学表现不满意组
(n=19)影像学表现不确切组
(n=22)检验值 P值 距离手术的天数[M(P25~P75), d] 90.50(66.25~106.75) 94.00(75.50~124.50) 81.50(63.25~98.25) χ2=4.93 0.08 2 h摄碘率( ±s, %)$\bar x $ 2.20±0.68 2.19±1.10 2.30±0.74 F=0.16 0.86 24 h摄碘率[M(P25~P75), %] 1.20(0.80~1.78) 1.10(0.45~2.25) 1.20(0.58~1.78) χ2=0.75 0.69 TSH [M(P25~P75), μIU/mL] 98.84(71.74~144.17) 102.00(71.12~150.00) 113.95(68.27~137.22) χ2=0.33 0.85 治疗前TgAb
[M(P25~P75), U/mL]111.90(83.78~214.70) 258.40(136.25~500.00) 294.95(149.75~500.00) χ2=16.03 <0.01 131I剂量[例(%)] − 0.002 3.70×103 MBq 49(90.7) 10(52.6) 19(86.4) 5.55×103 MBq 5(9.3) 9(47.4) 3(13.6) 注:TSH为促甲状腺激素;TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体。−表示采用Fisher确切概率法,无检验值 表 4 3组分化型甲状腺癌患者 131I治疗效果的多因素Logistic 回归分析
Table 4. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis of 131I therapeutic effect between the three groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
因素 β 标准差 P值 OR值 年龄 0.078 0.046 0.088 1.082 淋巴结转移率 −2.015 1.251 0.107 0.133 治疗前TgAb水平 −0.006 0.002 <0.01 0.994 治疗后1.5个月TgAb变化率 0.327 0.164 0.046 1.387 治疗后3~6个月TgAb变化率 2.521 1.236 0.041 12.439 治疗后6~12个月TgAb变化率 −2.140 1.450 0.140 0.118 注:TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 表 5 95例分化型甲状腺癌患者131I治疗前TgAb水平及治疗后TgAb变化率的诊断效能
Table 5. Diagnostic efficacy of TgAb level before 131I treatment and percent change of TgAb after treatment in 95 patients with differentiated thyoid carcinoma
指标 最佳临界值 灵敏度(%) 特异度
(%)准确率
(%)阳性预测值
(%)阴性预测值
(%)曲线下面积 治疗前TgAb水平 201.4 U/mL 74.1(40/54) 68.3(28/41) 71.6
(68/95)75.5(40/53) 66.7(28/42) 0.740 治疗后1.5个月TgAb变化率 9.7% 72.2(39/54) 61.0(25/41) 67.4(64/95) 70.9(39/55) 62.5(25/40) 0.660 治疗后3~6个月TgAb变化率 19.2% 87.0(47/54) 58.5(24/41) 74.7(71/95) 73.4(47/64) 77.4(24/31) 0.752 注:TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 -
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