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新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)是一种新发传染病。COVID-19患者是该疾病的主要传染源,无症状感染者、潜伏期患者和已康复患者均有可能成为潜在的传染源,其主要传播途径是飞沫传播和接触传播[1]。该病的传染性极强,WHO官方数据显示,截至2020年7月14日,COVID-19累计确诊的病例数超过1296万,病死数超过57万[2]。
目前,实验室检查中采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)技术对患者鼻咽拭子或口咽拭子进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测,结果呈阳性是COVID-19确诊的主要依据[3]。然而较低的阳性率(分别为50%~75%和30%~60%)为精确诊断带来困难[4]。肺部高分辨率CT因其灵敏度高成为目前临床筛查COVID-19的首选影像学方法[5-7]。
18F-FDG PET/CT在感染性疾病的诊断和评估全身累及范围中被广泛地应用,尤其在肺部感染性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断、监测疾病发展和疗效评估等方面可以发挥重要作用[8-9]。然而一般不推荐将18F-FDG PET/CT用于COVID-19的常规诊断,目前报道的18F-FDG PET/CT诊断COVID-19的病例大多是在恶性肿瘤诊断或评估中偶然被发现。笔者就目前已报道的关于18F-FDG PET/CT检测 COVID-19的病例进行综述,分析并讨论18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的诊断和鉴别诊断、纵隔淋巴结以及肺外器官和组织受累情况方面的潜在应用,提示18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19诊断中可能存在的价值。
18F-FDG PET/CT在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用
The application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the COVID-19 diagnosis
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摘要: 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)被发现以来,迅速蔓延,其早期诊断有利于患者的及时救治和疾病进一步传播的有效控制。目前,诊断的依据是流行病史、临床表现、影像学特征和逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测结果,其中RT-PCR检测到新型冠状病毒核酸阳性是COVID-19确诊的主要依据,影像学特征尤其是肺部高分辨率CT表现则是诊断该病的重要临床依据。作为一种被广泛应用的影像学方法,18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的价值仍未可知。笔者分析了18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值,以及评估COVID-19患者纵隔淋巴结受累情况方面的潜在应用,讨论了COVID-19患者肺外器官和组织受累可能出现的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现。
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关键词:
- 新型冠状病毒肺炎 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机
Abstract: COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading since its discovery. Early diagnosis benefits the patients and helps control the spread of COVID-19. At present, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, imaging features, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is confirmed by RT-PCR test, which detects a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid. Imaging features, especially lung high-resolution CT features, are essential for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a widely used imaging modality, but its value for COVID-19 diagnosis is still unknown. This review summarizes the potential value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and assessment of mediastinal lymph node involvement. The possible imaging features of extrapulmonary involvement in patients with COVID-19 are also discussed.-
Key words:
- COVID-19 /
- Positron-emission tomography /
- Tomography, X-ray computed
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