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尺寸在纳米级(通常粒径<100 nm)的材料被称为纳米颗粒[1],其主要通过被动靶向效应和主动靶向效应进入肿瘤或其他组织,在疾病的诊疗中具有潜在的临床价值。放射性核素标记的纳米颗粒不仅可用于SPECT和PET显像,在进一步负载其他显像剂或治疗剂后,还可用于疾病的多模态成像和诊疗一体化,在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景[2-5]。
金纳米颗粒(gold nanoparticles,GNPs)因易于制备和具有良好的生物相容性等特性而备受关注。GNPs通常通过金盐的还原反应进行制备[6],其形状多样,有球形、壳状、棒状和笼状等。GNPs的优良性质包括:(1)局域表面等离子体共振特性,经特定波长的光(主要是近红外光)照射后,GNPs产生强烈的光吸收,从而用于光热治疗[7]和光声成像[8],通过控制GNPs的尺寸和形状可调节其光学特性[6];(2)原子序数和X射线吸收系数比碘高,是理想的CT造影剂[2];(3)中空和多孔的GNPs可用于药物的可控释放或递送[9];(4)表面积与体积比较大,易于进行表面功能化修饰,标记放射性核素、修饰靶向分子及其他诊断剂或治疗剂后,可以实现靶向多模态成像及治疗。我们主要综述放射性核素标记的GNPs的制备及其在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展。
放射性核素标记的金纳米颗粒在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展
Research progress of radionuclide-labeled gold nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors
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摘要: 金纳米颗粒(GNPs)由于具有独特的物理化学性质,近年来被广泛应用于生物医学领域的研究。放射性核素标记的GNPs可用于疾病的单模态和多模态分子成像,同时,利用所标记放射性核素自身的特点、GNPs自身的光热效应和放射增敏作用,或进一步负载治疗剂后,还可用于疾病的诊疗一体化。笔者对放射性核素标记的GNPs的制备及其在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展进行综述。Abstract: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely used in biomedical research in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Radionuclide-labeled GNPs can be used for single-model and multimodel molecular imaging of diseases. Furthermore, they can also be used for theranostics of diseases by utilizing the characteristics of the labeled radionuclide, the photothermal effect and radiosensitization of GNPs, or further loading therapeutic agents. This review mainly illustrates the preparation of radionuclide-labeled GNPs and their recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Key words:
- Radioisotopes /
- Radionuclide imaging /
- Multimodal imaging /
- Gold nanoparticles /
- Theranostics
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