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放疗是恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方法之一,随着立体定向放疗和三维适形调强放疗等技术的发展,肿瘤患者的预后得到了明显改善,但放疗带来的并发症依然存在。放射性脑损伤(radiation-induced brain injury,RBI)是头颈部及颅内原发和继发肿瘤患者接受放疗后出现的严重并发症,可造成脑组织坏死、水肿和脱髓鞘,在临床上主要表现为认知和记忆出现偏差等。由于RBI的发病机制尚不明确,所以目前缺乏高效且有针对性的治疗方法。小胶质细胞(microglia,MG)是脑内固有的免疫细胞,在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的损伤及病情发展过程中发挥着重要作用。我们就MG在RBI中的作用及其机制的研究进展进行综述。
小胶质细胞在放射性脑损伤中的作用及其机制研究进展
The role and mechanism of microglia in radiation induced brain injury
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摘要: 放射性脑损伤(RBI)是头颈部及颅内原发和继发肿瘤患者接受放疗后出现的严重并发症。关于RBI的发生机制,目前有血管损伤、炎症免疫反应和脱髓鞘等假说。其中,炎症免疫反应在RBI的发病过程中发挥着重要作用。小胶质细胞(MG)是脑内固有的免疫细胞,其在各种中枢神经系统疾病诱导的神经炎症的病理生理过程中起重要作用。笔者对近年来MG在RBI中的作用及其机制的研究进展进行综述。Abstract: Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a serious complication of patients with primary and secondary tumors in the head, neck and brain after receiving radiotherapy. Regarding the mechanism of RBI, there are several hypotheses such as vascular injury, inflammatory immune response and demyelination. Among them, inflammatory response is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of RBI. Microglia (MG) is the innate immune cell in the brain, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation induced by various central nervous system diseases. The author summarizes the research progress of the role of MG in RBI and its mechanism in recent years.
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Key words:
- Radiotherapy /
- Brain injuries /
- Radiation injuries /
- Microglia /
- MAP kinase signaling system
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