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近几十年来,随着腹部成像技术(如超声、CT和MRI)的广泛应用,肾肿瘤的检出率得到显著提高[1]。对于不同病理类型的肾肿瘤,其治疗方式和预后各有不同,术前行影像学检查以定性诊断对于指导临床决策具有重要意义[2]。对于恶性肿瘤患者,早期确诊并实施合理的治疗方案可提高其生存率和生活质量;而对于良性肿瘤患者,则可以避免不必要的手术创伤并减轻其经济负担。由于部分良恶性肾肿瘤在常规影像学检查中的成像特征存在一定的重叠,所以术前的鉴别诊断存在困难,特别是肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤和乏脂型肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾癌的鉴别[3]。
与常规影像学检查技术相比,放射性核素显像是基于活体组织代谢或分子过程的成像方法,其使用小分子和抗体等具有特异性的探针来表征体内的分子过程,从而能够在常规影像学检查发现解剖结构变化之前,在分子水平上评估肿瘤的代谢过程[4]。显像探针上标记有放射性核素,并通过SPECT或PET进行检测。近年来,成像设备和新型放射性药物的进一步发展使放射性核素显像在肿瘤的早期诊断、分期和再分期方面显示出独特的优势,其为肾肿瘤患者临床决策的制定提供了进一步的帮助。我们就放射性核素显像在肾肿瘤诊断中的临床应用现状和研究进展进行综述。
放射性核素显像在肾肿瘤诊断中的应用
Application of radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of kidney neoplasms
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摘要: 肾肿瘤的病理类型多样且分类复杂,准确的定性诊断和分期对于肾肿瘤治疗方案的制定具有重要价值。放射性核素显像可以在分子或细胞水平上进行肿瘤的活体成像,从而在肿瘤的诊断、分期、再分期和疗效评估方面提供重要的信息。笔者就放射性核素显像在肾肿瘤诊断中的临床应用现状和研究进展进行综述。
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关键词:
- 肾肿瘤 /
- 放射性同位素 /
- 体层摄影术,发射型计算机,单光子 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机
Abstract: Accurate qualitative diagnosis and staging are of great value for the formulation of treatment plans for kidney neoplasms with diverse pathological types and complex classification. Radionuclide imaging can perform in vivo imaging of tumors at the molecular or cellular level, thereby providing important information in the diagnosis, staging, restaging and efficacy evaluation of tumors. In this paper, the current clinical application and research progress of radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of kidney neoplasms are reviewed. -
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