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骨质疏松症是由多种因素引起的骨代谢性疾病,以单位体积内骨量减少、骨组织的细微结构和强度改变为特征,表现为骨强度减弱、骨脆性和骨折的发病风险增加。骨密度是诊断骨质疏松症和预测骨质疏松风险的最佳定量指标,双能X射线吸收测定法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)测定的髋部及第1至4腰椎(L1-4)的骨密度是临床诊断骨质疏松症的“金标准”。WHO将实际骨密度和正常人群平均峰值骨密度之差与正常人平均骨密度标准差的比值定义为T值,规定对50岁以上的男性和绝经后女性,T值介于−2.5~−1时,诊断为骨量减少,T值≤−2.5时则诊断为骨质疏松症[1]。但腰椎和髋部骨质变化易受多种因素的影响,如脊柱或髋部骨折、组织增生和异位钙化等都会降低DXA诊断骨质疏松症的准确率,这时需加做前臂骨密度检测。近年来,许多研究者通过加做前臂骨密度检测来诊断骨质疏松症,预测骨质疏松性骨折风险。我们就前臂骨密度检测在骨质疏松症中的应用价值、优势及存在的问题进行综述。
前臂骨密度检测在骨质疏松症中的应用
Application of forearm bone density detection in osteoporosis
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摘要: 骨密度是诊断骨质疏松症的最佳定量指标,双能X射线吸收测定法测定的腰椎及髋部骨密度是临床诊断骨质疏松症的“金标准”。对于因年龄和疾病等因素导致腰椎及髋部骨密度检测结果不准确的患者,前臂骨密度检测可作为常规骨密度检测的有力补充。笔者对前臂骨密度检测在骨质疏松症中的应用价值、优势及存在的问题作一综述。Abstract: Bone density is the best quantitative indicator for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The bone density of lumbar spine and hip measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. For some patients, such as age, diseases and other factors resulting in inaccurate results of the lumbar spine and the hip bone density detection, forearm bone density test can be used as a powerful supplement to the routine bone density detection. This article reviews the application value, advantages and problems of forearm bone density detection in osteoporosis.
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Key words:
- Bone density /
- Osteoporosis /
- Absorptiometry, photon
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