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随着核技术在各领域的广泛应用,核与辐射可能带来的潜在危害也逐渐增加。当发生核事故时,如何快速、准确地做出剂量估算,为辐射损伤分型、分度提供依据,对提高受照或受污染人员的救治效果起着至关重要的作用。因此,剂量估算在核技术和提高患者生存率以及最大化医疗资源利用率方面都至关重要。而常用的物理剂量估算方法主要有电子顺磁共振波谱、热释光、光释光、现场模拟和蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte Carlo模拟,MC模拟)。电子顺磁共振波谱技术是通过检测射线在不同物质内产生的自由基来估算受照剂量;热释光和(或)光释光则是通过对样品进行热处理和(或)特定光照使材料发出荧光,发射出的荧光强度与受照剂量成正比,进而估算剂量;MC模拟算法是一种比较快速、理想且对计算机硬件要求较少的方法[1],其能够摆脱像电子顺磁共振波谱、热释光个人剂量计和生物剂量对实验设备以及人员高要求的束缚,同时MC模拟方法还具有逼真模拟真实物理过程的特点,可成为解决实验物理中实际问题的有效工具。
蒙特卡罗模拟方法结合不同体模在剂量估算中的应用
Monte Carlo simulation method combined with different phantoms in dose estimation
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摘要: 随着核与辐射在人们日常生活中的应用越来越广泛,其所带来的危害也备受关注。剂量估算是辐射技术应用的重要一环,估算出人体所受的剂量对评价辐射造成的确定效应与随机效应起着重要作用。蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟与人体参考模型结合可对核事故、医疗照射和环境的辐射剂量进行估算,是一种快速且对硬件要求较少的剂量估算方法,目前正面临模型开发和计算耗时的瓶颈,笔者对此现状进行综述。Abstract: With the increasing use of nuclear and radiation in people's daily life, the harm caused by radiation has also received much attention. Dose estimation is an important part of the application of radiation technology. Estimating the radiation dose received by the human body plays an important role in determining the deterministic and random effects of radiation. Monte Carlo simulation combined with the human reference model can estimate radiation doses of nuclear accidents, medical exposures and environmental radiation. It is a fast and low-hardware dose estimation method. Currently, it faces bottlenecks in model development and calculation. This artical reviews the research progress.
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Key words:
- Monte Carlo method /
- Manikins /
- Radiation dosage /
- Estimation
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