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在核爆炸、核泄漏和其他核辐射事故以及医疗行为中,不恰当的放射治疗或意外暴露可导致放射性事故的发生[1-2]。包括脾、肝脏、胸腺、骨髓等造血器官和血液循环系统在内的造血系统对辐射刺激高度敏感,在放射性事故所致的辐射损伤中,虽然造血系统的损伤较早发生,但危害严重[3-5]。因此,开发安全有效的辐射防护药物用于减轻射线对机体正常组织器官的损伤效应一直是放射医学领域面临的重大任务。
目前临床应用于预防或治疗辐射损伤的药物主要包括氨磷汀、某些抗氧化剂、雌激素和半胱氨酸等,这些药物在辐照前后的及时应用在一定程度上缓解了受照者的辐射损伤综合征,改善了患者的生活质量[1, 6-7]。然而,这些药物因给药方式不便、疗效有限或不良反应较大等原因严重限制了其应用。我国传统中药方剂具有在发挥药效的同时能够调理身体机能、不良反应小的特点[8]。因此,寻找有益于辐射损伤修复的中药方剂对辐射损伤救治研究具有重要意义。藿香正气合剂为中医传统方剂藿香正气散的提取液,多用于暑湿感冒、脘腹胀痛、呕吐泄泻和霍乱中暑等疾病[9]。方剂包括藿香、紫苏叶、白芷、白术、陈皮、半夏、厚朴、茯苓、桔梗、甘草、大腹皮、大枣和生姜等,诸药协同,化湿利水,调和脾胃,共奏脾胃运化之功[10]。然而,藿香正气合剂是否可以通过调理造血系统功能修复受照机体的急性辐射综合征有待研究。本研究旨在以受照C57BL/6J小鼠构建γ射线诱导的造血系统损伤动物模型,探究藿香正气合剂对致造血系统损伤剂量(5 Gy)的γ射线全身照射小鼠的损伤防护作用,为深入研究藿香正气合剂用作临床辐射损伤防护药物的应用提供理论基础和实验依据。
藿香正气合剂对γ射线照射小鼠的防护作用研究
Radioprotective effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi mixture on γ irradiation treated mice
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摘要:
目的 探讨藿香正气合剂对5 Gy γ射线照射诱导的小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。 方法 将6~8周龄的健康无特定病原体级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠按随机区组法分为正常对照组(n=10)、γ射线照射组(n=15)和γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组(n=15)。除正常对照组外,另2组小鼠给予5 Gy γ射线一次性全身照射后1小时内,γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组小鼠给予200 μL藿香正气合剂灌胃,对照组和单纯照射组给予200 μL 饮用水灌胃。每天给药1次,连续给药10 d,每天记录小鼠的体重变化。10 d后对小鼠进行摘眼球取血测定血常规各项指标,脱颈处死小鼠并称各脏器重量。采用t检验对组间数据进行比较。 结果 γ射线照射的2组小鼠的体重低于正常对照组小鼠,在照射后第4、6、7、8、9和10天,γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组小鼠的体重均高于γ射线照射组,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.138~2.529,P=0.027~0.045)。γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏和胸腺的脏器指数均高于γ射线照射组,且差异均有统计学意义( t=1.768、1.894、2.085、1.992,P= 0.022、 0.023、0.038、0.044)。γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组与γ射线照射组小鼠的脾脏和胸腺重量的差异最大,且均有统计学意义(t=2.517、2.158,P=0.028、0.029)。3组小鼠血液中血红蛋白浓度、白细胞数量和血小板数量等多项血常规指标之间有差异,且均有统计学意义(t=2.262~3.916,P=0.000~0.005 )。 结论 藿香正气合剂能减缓5 Gy γ射线照射诱导的小鼠体重降低和造血系统损伤,且有一定的辐射防护作用。 Abstract:Objective To explore the in vivo effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi mixture on radiation injury induced by 5 Gy γ irradiation in mice. Methods Male 6- to 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice at specific pathogen-free level were randomly categorized into the three following groups according to body mass: normal control (NC, n=10), ionizing radiation (IR, n=15), and IR+Huoxiang Zhengqi mixture groups (I+H, n =15). Except for the NC group, the two other groups were treated with single total body 5 Gy γ irradiation. All three groups receive gavage administration of 200 μL of either Huoxiang Zhengqi mixture (I+H group) or drinking water (NC and IR groups) within 1 h after irradiation.The administration was performed once a day for 10 days. Body weight was also measured. After the treatment period, blood was extracted from the eyeball and collected into heparin-treated tubes to examine routine blood indices before the mice were sacrificed from the neck. Major organ weights were measured, and organ coefficients were analyzed. Independent sample t test was used for the intergroup comparison. Results The body weights of the IR and I+H groups were lower than those in the NC group, and yet on the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth days after irradiation, the body weights of the I+H group were higher than those in the IR group (t=2.138–2.529, P=0.027–0.045). The organ coefficients of heart, liver, thymus, and spleen in the I+H group were higher than those in the IR group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=1.768, 1.894, 2.085, 1.992; P=0.022,0.023,0.038,0.044). The differences in the spleen and thymus weights between the IR and I+H groups were significant (t=2.517, 2.158; P=0.025, 0.029). Multiple blood indices such as hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and blood platelet between each group were significantly different (t=2.262–3.916, P=0.000–0.005). Conclusions Huoxiang Zhengqi mixture can alleviate the weight loss and hematopoietic system damage of mice induced by γ-ray irradiation (5 Gy), and exert certain radiation protection function. -
Key words:
- Gamma rays /
- Hemopoietic system /
- Radiation injuries /
- Radiation protection /
- Huoxiang Zhengqi mixture
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