-
心绞痛是心血管内科常见的一种疾病,该病多发于老年人,会使患者胸腔中央产生压榨性疼痛,并逐步延伸到身体的其他部位,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。心绞痛可分为稳定型心绞痛(stable angina pectoris,SAP)和非稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina pectoris,UAP)。有研究结果显示,心绞痛患者的预后与冠状动脉内的斑块性质密切相关[2]。因此,可通过对斑块性质的检查分析心绞痛患者的预后。冠状动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)是一种无创性的检查方法,其能使血管显影,从而了解冠状动脉狭窄程度,判断斑块性质[3]。在本研究中我们探究了冠状动脉CTA对心绞痛斑块性质及预后的评估价值,以期为临床治疗提供参考。
-
由表1可知,2组患者在性别、年龄、体重指数间的比较差异均无统计学意义。
组别 男性/女性(例) 年龄(岁) 体重指数(kg/m2) UAP组(n=89) 58/31 65.54±12.26 22.29±1.95 SAP组(n=50) 35/15 64.47±11.85 22.17±2.04 检验值 χ2=0.34 t=0.50 t=0.34 P值 0.56 0.62 0.73 注:表中,UAP:非稳定型心绞痛;SAP:稳定型心绞痛 表 1 2组心绞痛患者一般资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups of angina pectoris patients
-
UAP和SAP患者的典型CTA图像见图1。UPA患者的左前降支近段中度狭窄伴软斑块形成,而SAP患者左冠状动脉多发硬斑块。
-
由表2可知,UAP组患者软斑块发生率明显高于SAP组患者,钙化斑块发生率明显低于SAP组患者,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=28.92、26.06,均P<0.01),2组患者混合斑块的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。
组别 斑块总数(个) 软斑块[个(%)] 混合斑块[个(%)] 钙化斑块[个(%)] UAP组(n=89) 362 152(41.99) 72(19.89) 138(38.12) SAP组(n=50) 170 31(18.24) 34(20.00) 105(61.76) χ2值 − 28.92 0.00 26.06 P值 − 0.01 0.98 0.01 注:表中,UAP:非稳定型心绞痛;SAP:稳定型心绞痛;−:无此项数据 表 2 2组心绞痛患者不同性质斑块数量的比较
Table 2. Comparison of the number of plaque of different nature between two groups of patients with angina pectoris
-
由表3可知,UAP组的89例患者中,有25例患者发生心血管事件,其中心力衰竭5例、急性心肌梗死5例、UAP反复发作15例;预后不良与预后良好患者混合斑块发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P>0.05),预后不良患者的软斑块发生率明显高于预后良好患者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.29,P<0.05),而钙化斑块发生率明显低于预后良好的患者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=63.75,P<0.05)。SAP组的50例患者中,有5例患者发生心血管事件,其中急性心肌梗死1例、发展为UAP4例;预后不良与预后良好患者混合斑块发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P>0.05),预后不良患者的软斑块发生率明显高于预后良好患者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.57,P<0.05),而钙化斑块发生率明显低于预后良好患者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.01,P<0.05)。
组别 例数 斑块总数(个) 软斑块[个(%)] 混合斑块[个(%)] 钙化斑块[个(%)] UAP组 预后良好 64 252 72(28.57)a 50(19.84) 130(51.59)a 预后不良 25 110 80(72.73) 22(20.00) 8(7.27) SAP组 预后良好 45 151 20(13.25)a 30(19.87) 101(66.89)a 预后不良 5 19 11(57.89) 4(21.05) 4(21.05) 注:表中,a:与预后不良相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=15.01~63.75,均P<0.05)。UAP:非稳定型心绞痛;SAP:稳定型心绞痛 表 3 2组心绞痛患者不同预后的斑块数量的比较
Table 3. Comparison of the number of plaques with different prognosis between two groups of patients with angina pectoris
冠状动脉CT血管造影对心绞痛斑块性质及预后的评估价值分析
Value of coronary CT angiography in evaluating the nature and prognosis of angina pectoris plaque
-
摘要:
目的 探究冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)对心绞痛斑块性质及预后的评估价值。 方法 回顾性分析2018年8月1日至2019年7月31日南京市高淳人民医院收治的139例心绞痛患者的临床资料,根据心绞痛分型分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(n=50)和非稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组(n=89)。所有患者均行CTA,比较2组患者的斑块性质情况并分析斑块性质与预后的关系。2组计量资料的比较采用配对t检验;计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。 结果 UAP组患者软斑块发生率明显高于SAP组患者[41.99%(152/362)对18.24%(31/170),χ2=28.92,P<0.01],钙化斑块发生率明显低于SAP组患者[38.12%(138/362)对61.76%(105/170),χ2=26.06,P<0.01]。UAP组的89例患者中,有25例患者发生心血管事件,其中心力衰竭5例、急性心肌梗死5例、UAP反复发作15例;预后不良患者的软斑块发生率明显高于预后良好患者[72.73%(80/110)对28.57%(72/252),χ2=61.29,P<0.05],而钙化斑块发生率明显低于预后良好的患者[7.27%(8/110)对51.59%(130/252),χ2=63.75,P<0.05]。SAP组的50例患者中,有5例患者发生心血管事件,其中急性心肌梗死1例、发展为UAP4例;预后不良患者的软斑块发生率明显高于预后良好患者[57.89%(11/19)对13.25%(20/151),χ2=22.57,P<0.05],而钙化斑块发生率明显低于预后良好患者[21.05%(4/19)对66.89%(101/151),χ2=15.01,P<0.05]。 结论 冠状动脉CTA能有效评估斑块性质,预测患者的预后情况。 -
关键词:
- 冠状动脉疾病 /
- 斑块,动脉粥样硬化 /
- 计算机体层摄影血管造影术 /
- 心绞痛 /
- 预后
Abstract:Objective To explore the value of coronary CT angiography in evaluating the nature and prognosis of angina pectoris plaque. Methods A retrospective analysis of 139 patients with angina pectoris treated in Gaochun People's Hospital of Nanjing was conducted from 1 August 2018 to 31 July 2019. According to their clinical data, they were divided into stable angina pectoris (SAP, n=50) group and unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n=89) group. The plaque properties of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between their plaque properties and prognosis was analyzed. The measurement data of the two groups were compared by paired t test. The count data were compared by χ2 test. Results The rate of soft plaque detection in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in SAP group (41.99% (152/362) vs. 18.24% (31/170)), and the rate of calcified plaque detection was significantly lower than that in the SAP group (38.12% (138/362) vs. 61.76% (105/170)) (χ2=28.92 and 26.06, both P<0.01). Among the 89 patients in the UAP group, 25 patients had cardiovascular events, including 5 cases of heart failure, 5 cases of acute myocardial infarction, and 15 cases of recurrent UAP. The rate of soft plaque detection in patients with poor prognosis in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in patients with good prognosis (72.73% (80/110) vs. 28.57% (72/252), χ2=61.29, P<0.05), and the rate of calcified plaque detection was significantly lower than that in patients with good prognosis (7.27% (8/110) vs. 51.59% (130/252), χ2=63.75, P<0.05). Among the 50 patients in the SAP group, 5 patients had cardiovascular events, including 1 case of acute myocardial infarction and 4 cases of UAP. The rate of soft plaque detection in patients with poor prognosis in the SAP group was significantly higher than that in patients with good prognosis (57.89% (11/19) vs. 13.25% (20/151), χ2=22.57, P<0.05), and the rate of calcified plaque detection was significantly lower than that in patients with good prognosis (21.05% (4/19) vs. 66.89% (101/151), χ2=15.01, P<0.05). Conclusion Coronary CT angiography can effectively assess the nature of plaque and predict the prognosis of patients. -
表 1 2组心绞痛患者一般资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups of angina pectoris patients
组别 男性/女性(例) 年龄(岁) 体重指数(kg/m2) UAP组(n=89) 58/31 65.54±12.26 22.29±1.95 SAP组(n=50) 35/15 64.47±11.85 22.17±2.04 检验值 χ2=0.34 t=0.50 t=0.34 P值 0.56 0.62 0.73 注:表中,UAP:非稳定型心绞痛;SAP:稳定型心绞痛 表 2 2组心绞痛患者不同性质斑块数量的比较
Table 2. Comparison of the number of plaque of different nature between two groups of patients with angina pectoris
组别 斑块总数(个) 软斑块[个(%)] 混合斑块[个(%)] 钙化斑块[个(%)] UAP组(n=89) 362 152(41.99) 72(19.89) 138(38.12) SAP组(n=50) 170 31(18.24) 34(20.00) 105(61.76) χ2值 − 28.92 0.00 26.06 P值 − 0.01 0.98 0.01 注:表中,UAP:非稳定型心绞痛;SAP:稳定型心绞痛;−:无此项数据 表 3 2组心绞痛患者不同预后的斑块数量的比较
Table 3. Comparison of the number of plaques with different prognosis between two groups of patients with angina pectoris
组别 例数 斑块总数(个) 软斑块[个(%)] 混合斑块[个(%)] 钙化斑块[个(%)] UAP组 预后良好 64 252 72(28.57)a 50(19.84) 130(51.59)a 预后不良 25 110 80(72.73) 22(20.00) 8(7.27) SAP组 预后良好 45 151 20(13.25)a 30(19.87) 101(66.89)a 预后不良 5 19 11(57.89) 4(21.05) 4(21.05) 注:表中,a:与预后不良相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=15.01~63.75,均P<0.05)。UAP:非稳定型心绞痛;SAP:稳定型心绞痛 -
[1] Kloner RA, Chaitman B. Angina and its management[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 2017, 22(3): 199−209. DOI: 10.1177/1074248416679733. [2] 邵静, 朱晓萌. 不稳定型心绞痛患者血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与中医证型及冠状动脉斑块性质的关系[J]. 中医杂志, 2015, 56(19): 1671−1674. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2015.19.014.
Shao J, Zhu XM. The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism, TCM syndrome and coronary artery plaque characteristic in patients with unstable angina pectoris[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 2015, 56(19): 1671−1674. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2015.19.014.[3] 王建刚, 席建堂, 李劲松, 等. 心绞痛患者冠脉CT血管造影与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析[J/OL]. 中西医结合心血管病杂志: 电子版, 2015, 3(20): 109−111[2019-11-17]. http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=666960194. DOI: 10.16282/j.cnki.cn11-9336/r.2015.20.06.
Wang JG, Xi JT, Li JS, et al. Correlation analysis of coronary angiography and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with angina pectoris[J/OL]. Cardiovasc Dis J Integr (Electron Ed), 2015, 3(20): 109−111[2019-11-17]. http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=666960194. DOI: 10.16282/j.cnki.cn11-9336/r.2015.20.06.[4] 王安璐, 罗静, 于美丽, 等. 基于陈可冀院士血瘀证辨证方法治疗冠心病稳定性心绞痛的实用性随机对照研究[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2017, 37(10): 1174−1180. DOI: 10.7661/j.cjim.20170908.369.
Wang AL, Luo J, Yu ML, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial on treating stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease based on Chen Ke-ji's pattern identification methods of blood-stasis syndrome[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med, 2017, 37(10): 1174−1180. DOI: 10.7661/j.cjim.20170908.369.[5] 胡元会, 贾秋蕾, 孟昊, 等. 冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者血瘀证与外周血血小板微粒膜蛋白表达的相关性[J]. 中医杂志, 2017, 58(4): 321−324. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2017.04.013.
Hu YH, Jia QL, Meng H, et al. Correlation of syndrome of blood stasis and the expressions of peripheral blood platelet microparticle membrane protein in patients with coronary heart disease unstable angina pectoris[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 2017, 58(4): 321−324. DOI: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2017.04.013.[6] 沈洁云, 王忠敏, 陈克敏. 冠状动脉斑块的CT血管造影评价[J]. 中国医学计算机成像杂志, 2016, 22(1): 97−100.
Shen JY, Wang ZM, Chen KM. CT angiographic evaluation of coronary artery plaque[J]. Chin Comput Med Imag, 2016, 22(1): 97−100.[7] Gu H, Gao Y, Hou ZH, et al. Prognostic value of coronary atherosclerosis progression evaluated by coronary CT angiography in patients with stable angina[J]. Eur Radiol, 2018, 28(3): 1066−1076. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5073-8. [8] 杨文兵, 查云飞, 阳朝晖, 等. 冠脉CTA评估冠状动脉斑块性质及其与炎症分子、MMPs/TIMPs的相关性[J]. 海南医学院学报, 2017, 23(21): 2929−2932, 2936. DOI: 10.13210/j.cnki.jhmu.20171011.008.
Yang WB, Zha YF, Yang ZH, et al. Coronary plaque property evaluation by coronary CTA and its correlation with inflammatory olecules and MMPs/TIMPs[J]. J Hainan Med Univ, 2017, 23(21): 2929−2932, 2936. DOI: 10.13210/j.cnki.jhmu.20171011.008.[9] Hu XY, Zhang W, Zhao NR, et al. Low- to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio followed by coronary computed tomography angiography improves coronary plaque classification accuracy[J/OL]. Oncotarget, 2017, 9(7): 7727−7738[2019-11-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29484147. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23558. [10] 王蓉, 孙凯. 冠状动脉CT诊断斑块性病变的无创影像学进展[J]. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2017, 41(6): 449−451. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.06.012.
Wang R, Sun K. Uninvasive imaging of coronary artery CT diagnosis of plaque lesions[J]. Int J Radiat Med Nucl Med, 2017, 41(6): 449−451. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.06.012.[11] 汤艳萍, 李令建. 64排螺旋CT与选择性冠状动脉造影评价急性冠状动脉综合征患者易损斑块形态、成分及大小的价值对比研究[J]. 临床放射学杂志, 2016, 35(8): 1181−1185. DOI: 10.13437/j.cnki.jcr.2016.08.010.
Tang YP, Li LJ. Comparative study on the value of 64 slice spiral CT and selective coronary angiography in patients with ACS plaque morphology, composition and size[J]. J Clin Radilolgy, 2016, 35(8): 1181−1185. DOI: 10.13437/j.cnki.jcr.2016.08.010.[12] 郭长磊. 冠脉CTA评估心绞痛患者斑块性质及其与心血管事件的相关性研究[J]. 中国CT和MRI杂志, 2018, 16(12): 62−64. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2018.12.020.
Guo CL. Plaque properties of patients with angina pectoris evaluated by coronary CTA and their correlation with cardiovascular events[J]. Chin J CT MRI, 2018, 16(12): 62−64. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2018.12.020.[13] Vergallo R, Porto I, D'Amario D, et al. Coronary atherosclerotic phenotype and plaque healing in patients with recurrent acute coronary syndromes compared with patients with long-term clinical stability: an in vivo optical coherence tomography study[J/OL]. JAMA Cardiol, 2019, 4(4): 321−329[2019-11-17]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6484796. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0275. [14] 尹小花, 徐荣, 程韬, 等. 冠状动脉CT血管造影联合心肌应变预测冠状动脉斑块患者发生主要不良心脏事件的价值研究[J]. 中国医学装备, 2017, 14(9): 61−66. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2017.09.017.
Yin XH, Xu R, Cheng T, et al. A research on the value of CCTA combined with 4D-STE for prognosticating MACE of patients with coronary plaque[J]. China Med Equip, 2017, 14(9): 61−66. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2017.09.017.