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前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)是男性常见的恶性肿瘤,且90%以上的癌症病灶发生在外周带[1-3]。随着我国快速步入老龄化社会,PCa的发病率也呈上升趋势,但在临床诊断工作中,PCa的MRI诊断仍是一个难点。T2加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T2WI)具有观察前列腺解剖结构的优势,通过前列腺外周带高信号衬托,病变在T2WI上呈相对稍低信号,提示病变存在的可能。基于水分子高斯分布的弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)是一种反映水分子布朗运动的高灵敏成像技术,通过观察水分子运动受限情况,可以灵敏地间接提示病变的存在及其性质。目前的研究认为,DWI所用b值越高,越有可能获得真实的水分子弥散情况,从而提升对病变诊断的可靠性[1-3]。本研究旨在探讨超高b值的DWI联合T2WI技术无创性诊断外周带PCa的临床应用价值。
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41例患者中,PCa患者26例(通过临床结合穿刺点位置确诊为外周带PCa),良性前列腺增生患者15例。前列腺超高b值DWI序列及T2WI序列图例见图2。前列腺外周带T2WI序列出现低信号、DWI(b=2000 s/mm2)、DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)序列出现高信号的例数分别为34、30、27,阳性率分别为82.92%(34/41)、73.17%(30/41)和65.85%(27/41)。
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各序列或其组合对PCa的诊断效能详见表1。T2WI、DWI(b=2000 s/mm2)、DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)序列对PCa诊断的灵敏度一致,均为0.962;但T2WI序列对PCa诊断的特异度较低(0.400);DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)序列对PCa诊断的特异度和准确率均高于DWI(b=2000 s/mm2);T2WI+DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)序列对PCa诊断的特异度和准确率最高,分别为1.000和0.975,该序列ROC的AUC为0.972(图3)。
序列 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 T2WI 0.962(25/26) 0.400(6/15) 0.756(31/41) DWI
(b=2000 s/mm2)0.962(25/26)
0.667(10/15)
0.854(35/41)
DWI
(b=3000 s/mm2)0.962(25/26)
0.867(13/15)
0.926(38/41)
T2WI+DWI
(b=2000 s/mm2)0.923(24/26)
0.800(12/15)
0.878(36/41)
T2WI+DWI
(b=3000 s/mm2)0.923(24/26)
1.000(15/15)
0.951(39/41)
注:表中,T2WI:T2加权成像;DWI:弥散加权成像 表 1 T2WI、DWI各序列和两者组合对前列腺癌的诊断效 能(n=41)
Table 1. Diagnostic efficiency of T2-weighted imaging and DWI sequences and their combination in prostate cancer (n=41)
超高b值弥散加权联合T2加权序列诊断外周带前列腺癌的价值
Value of ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging combined with T2-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of peripheral prostate cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨超高b值弥散加权成像(DWI)联合T2加权成像(T2WI)诊断外周带前列腺癌(PCa)的临床应用价值。 方法 选取2018年12月1日至2019年10月1日在佛山市第一人民医院行超声引导下前列腺靶点穿刺、临床病理学确诊并于穿刺前后1个月内行前列腺MRI检查的PCa患者41例,年龄49~89岁,中位年龄69岁。所有患者均行3.0T超高b值(分别为2000、3000 s/mm2)的DWI及T2WI脂肪抑制序列MRI成像。以前列腺靶点穿刺病理学结果为“金标准”,分别计算T2WI、DWI(b=2000 s/mm2)、DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)、T2WI+DWI(b=2000 s/mm2)、T2WI+DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)对PCa的诊断灵敏度、特异度和准确率。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析计算各方法诊断PCa的曲线下面积。 结果 41例患者中,PCa患者26例(通过临床结合穿刺点位置确诊为外周带PCa),良性前列腺增生患者15例。T2WI、DWI(b=2000 s/mm2)、DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)、T2WI+DWI(b=2000 s/mm2)、T2WI+DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)诊断PCa的灵敏度分别为0.962(25/26)、0.962(25/26)、0.962(25/26)、0.923(24/26)、0.923(24/26),特异度分别为0.400(6/15)、0.667(10/15)、0.876(13/15)、0.800(12/15)、1.000(15/15),准确率分别为0.756(31/41)、0.854(35/41)、0.926(38/41)、0.878(36/41)、0.951(39/41),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.681、0.814、0.914、0.872、0.972(P=0.056、0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。 结论 T2WI+DWI(b=3000 s/mm2)序列图像诊断PCa具有较高的准确率,有望成为一种可靠的诊断前列腺疾病的无创性检查方法。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical value of ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in the diagnosis of peripheral prostate cancer (PCa). Methods Forty-one patients who underwent ultrasound-guided prostate target puncture, clinicopathological diagnosis, and prostate MRI within one month before and after the puncture were selected from December 1, 2018 to October 1, 2019 in the First People's Hospital of Foshan. The patients' ages ranged from 49 to 89 years, with a median age of 69 years. All of the patients completed 3.0T ultra-high b-value DWI and T2WI fat suppression (2000 and 3000 s/mm2, respectively). With prostate target puncture pathology as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated for the different imaging methods in PCa diagnosis. Results Among all the 41 patients, 26 had PCa (the 26 cases were peripheral zone PCa confirmed by clinical diagnosis and puncture site location) and 15 had benign hyperplasia. The sensitivity of T2WI, DWI (b=2000 s/mm2), DWI (b=3000 s/mm2), T2WI+DWI (b=2000 s/mm2), and T2WI+DWI (b=3000 s/mm2) in PCa diagnosis was 0.962 (25/26), 0.962 (25/26), 0.962 (25/26), 0.923 (24/26), and 0.923 (24/26) respectively; the specificity was 0.400 (6/15), 0.667 (10/15), 0.876 (13/15), 0.800 (12/15), and 1.000 (15/15), respectively; the accuracy was 0.756 (31/41), 0.854 (35/41), 0.926 (38/41), 0.878 (36/41), and 0.951 (39/41), respectively; and the area under the ROC curve was 0.681, 0.814, 0.914, 0.872, and 0.972(P=0.056, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001), respectively. Conclusions DWI (b=3000 s/mm2) combined with the T2WI image exhibited high accuracy in PCa diagnosis. It is expected to become a highly reliable noninvasive examination procedure for the diagnosis of PCa. -
表 1 T2WI、DWI各序列和两者组合对前列腺癌的诊断效 能(n=41)
Table 1. Diagnostic efficiency of T2-weighted imaging and DWI sequences and their combination in prostate cancer (n=41)
序列 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 T2WI 0.962(25/26) 0.400(6/15) 0.756(31/41) DWI
(b=2000 s/mm2)0.962(25/26)
0.667(10/15)
0.854(35/41)
DWI
(b=3000 s/mm2)0.962(25/26)
0.867(13/15)
0.926(38/41)
T2WI+DWI
(b=2000 s/mm2)0.923(24/26)
0.800(12/15)
0.878(36/41)
T2WI+DWI
(b=3000 s/mm2)0.923(24/26)
1.000(15/15)
0.951(39/41)
注:表中,T2WI:T2加权成像;DWI:弥散加权成像 -
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