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泌尿系统结石是泌尿外科的一种常见病,其患者数量在泌尿外科住院患者中高居榜首[1]。泌尿系统结石在临床上表现为血尿、肾绞痛和尿路梗阻。一般输尿管管腔较细,引起的梗阻程度多较重,容易导致进行性肾脏损害;肾盂容积较大,早期肾盂压力增高可代偿,暂不影响肾脏功能,肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)早期可无变化,但如果不能及时解除梗阻,可能会出现尿路感染和肾功能衰竭,甚至危及生命[2]。99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像较传统的血清肾功能检查可以更早地发现肾功能异常,在了解肾脏的形态和血流灌注等情况的同时,还可以计算分肾的GFR,具有灵敏度高、重复性好和安全无创等优点,是目前了解肾功能最好的方法之一[3-5]。本研究通过99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像对单侧肾积水患者健侧肾代偿能力进行研究,可更好地评价单侧肾积水患者的肾功能情况,为临床医师选择治疗方案及对疾病疗效的预测提供帮助。
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患者的99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像结果显示,健侧肾血流灌注曲线大致正常,位置和体积大致正常,形态规则、影像清晰,肾实质聚集及排泄较迅速;患侧肾血流灌注及肾实质显像剂摄取多呈不同程度的减低,均未见明显排泄(图1)。经放射性核素肾动态显像检查后测得患者的患侧肾的GFR为(28.60±15.13)mL/min、健侧肾的GFR为(63.17±15.74)mL/min、总的GFR为(92.94±24.46)mL/min。患侧肾的GFR明显低于健侧肾的GFR,且差异有统计学意义(t=25.39,P<0.001)。
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患者健侧肾的GFR较GFR正常值上限存在不同程度的增高,存在代偿情况,GFR代偿率为9.54%(−5.94%,26.45%)。由表1可知,患者不同年龄和患侧肾不同的积水程度对健侧肾的GFR的代偿率有影响,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=47.32、12.71,均P<0.01)。且随着年龄的增长,健侧肾的代偿能力呈下降趋势;随着患侧肾积水程度的加重,健侧肾的GFR代偿能力增强。患者健侧肾的GFR代偿率不受患侧肾受损程度、肾积水位置、肾结石位置和性别的影响,其差异均无统计学意义。
影响因素 例数 健侧肾的GFR代偿率[%,M(P25,P75)] 检验值 P值 年龄 ≤30岁 21 19.62( 8.89,30.38) χ2=47.32 <0.01 30岁<年龄≤40岁 26 16.07(− 7.59,36.53) 40岁<年龄≤50岁 51 6.36(−15.24,24.85) >50岁 159 −9.92(−21.26, 4.69) 肾积水程度 轻度肾积水 55 −8.80(−19.97,6.43) χ2=12.71 <0.01 中度肾积水 79 −3.51(−17.45,7.09) 重度肾积水 123 5.53(−7.21,24.85) 肾受损程度 近无功能 25 1.37(−16.64,35.37) χ2=4.34 0.36 重度损伤 63 −1.92(−19.70,12.54) 中度受损 54 −1.36(−14.57,12.46) 轻度受损 53 −2.91(−17.01,11.72) 正常 62 5.81(−10.85,13.68) 肾积水位置 左肾 123 −0.27(−14.60,14.79) Z=−0.51 0.68 右肾 134 −0.88(−15.79,12.77) 肾结石位置 肾盂 101 −3.87(−20.37, 9.21) Z=−1.62 0.10 输尿管 156 −1.55(−16.50,16.96) 性别 男 149 1.45(−14.68,16.07) Z=−1.41 0.16 女 108 −1.36(−16.20, 9.31) 注:表中,GFR:肾小球滤过率 表 1 不同因素分组的257例单侧肾积水患者健侧肾GFR的代偿率
Table 1. GFR compensation rate in healthy kidney of different factor groups of 257 case of unilateral hydronephrosis
99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像对单侧肾积水患者健侧肾代偿功能的研究
Study of 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging on the compensatory capacity of contralateral kidney in patients with unilateral hydronephrosis
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摘要:
目的 探讨99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(99Tcm-DTPA)肾动态显像在评价单侧肾积水患者健侧肾代偿功能中的应用。 方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月天津医科大学第二医院收治的257例单侧肾积水患者的临床资料,其中男性149例、女性108例,年龄12~87(52.84±14.23)岁。所有患者均行99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像,并通过Gates法计算患者分肾及总的肾小球滤过率(GFR)。按照患者的肾积水程度、患肾受损程度、肾结石位置、患肾位置、性别和年龄进行分组。将各组的健侧肾与单侧肾的GFR正常值上限作比较,计算患者健侧肾的GFR的代偿率(%)。健侧肾与患侧肾的GFR的比较采用两独立样本t检验。患者健侧肾代偿能力的影响因素分析采用Mann-Whitney U 检验及Kruskal-Wallis检验。 结果 所有患者的患侧肾的GFR为(28.60±15.13) mL/min,健侧肾的GFR为(63.17±15.74) mL/min,总的GFR为(92.94±24.46) mL/min。患侧肾的GFR明显低于健侧肾的GFR,且差异有统计学意义(t=25.39,P<0.001)。患者健侧肾的GFR存在不同程度的代偿性增高,其代偿率为9.54%(−5.94%,26.45%)。患者不同年龄和患侧肾积水程度对健侧肾的GFR的代偿率有影响,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=47.32、12.71,均P<0.01);患侧肾受损程度、肾脏积水位置、肾结石位置和性别对健侧肾的GFR代偿率无影响,且差异均无统计学意义(χ2=4.34,Z=−0.51、−1.62、−1.41,均P>0.05)。 结论 99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像可以更好地评估单侧肾积水患者健侧肾代偿能力,能够为单侧肾积水患者的诊治及预后评估提供依据。 -
关键词:
- 肾小球滤过率 /
- 肾盂积水;放射性核素显像 /
- 代偿功能 /
- 二亚乙基三胺五乙酸
Abstract:Objective To investigate the application of 99Tcm-diethylene-triaminepentaaccetic acid (99Tcm-DTPA) dynamic renal imaging in evaluating the compensatory function of healthy kidneys in patients with unilateral hydronephrosis. Methods A total of 257 cases of unilateral hydronephrosis admitted to the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2016 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. They included 149 males and 108 females, aged 12~87 (52.84±14.23) years. All patients underwent 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging, and their glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was counted using the Gates method. They were also grouped in accordance with the degree of hydronephrosis, the degree of renal impairment, gender, age, and etiology. The GFR compensation rate (%) of the uninfected kidney in different groups was calculated. The GFR of both kidneys was compared using independent sample t-test. The influencing factors of the compensatory ability were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The GFR of the affected kidney was (28.60±15.13) mL/min, while that of the contralateral kidney was (63.17±15.74) mL/min, and the total GFR was (92.94±24.46) mL/min. The GFR of the affected kidney was significantly lower than that of the contralateral kidney (t=25.39, P<0.001). Varying degrees of compensatory increase were observed in the GFR of the uninfected kidney, the GFR compensation rate was 9.54% (−5.94%, 26.45%). Statistically significant differences were also found in the GFR compensation rate of the contralateral kidney among patients of different ages and degrees of hydronephrosis (χ2=47.32, 12.71, both P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in the GFR compensation rate of the contralateral kidney among patients with different degrees of renal damage on the affected side, the location of hydronephrosis, the location of the stones, and gender (χ2=4.34, Z=−0.51, −1.62, −1.41, all P>0.05). Conclusion Using renal dynamic imaging to study the factors affecting the compensatory ability of the contralateral kidney in patients with unilateral hydronephrosis could further provide a basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of these patients. -
表 1 不同因素分组的257例单侧肾积水患者健侧肾GFR的代偿率
Table 1. GFR compensation rate in healthy kidney of different factor groups of 257 case of unilateral hydronephrosis
影响因素 例数 健侧肾的GFR代偿率[%,M(P25,P75)] 检验值 P值 年龄 ≤30岁 21 19.62( 8.89,30.38) χ2=47.32 <0.01 30岁<年龄≤40岁 26 16.07(− 7.59,36.53) 40岁<年龄≤50岁 51 6.36(−15.24,24.85) >50岁 159 −9.92(−21.26, 4.69) 肾积水程度 轻度肾积水 55 −8.80(−19.97,6.43) χ2=12.71 <0.01 中度肾积水 79 −3.51(−17.45,7.09) 重度肾积水 123 5.53(−7.21,24.85) 肾受损程度 近无功能 25 1.37(−16.64,35.37) χ2=4.34 0.36 重度损伤 63 −1.92(−19.70,12.54) 中度受损 54 −1.36(−14.57,12.46) 轻度受损 53 −2.91(−17.01,11.72) 正常 62 5.81(−10.85,13.68) 肾积水位置 左肾 123 −0.27(−14.60,14.79) Z=−0.51 0.68 右肾 134 −0.88(−15.79,12.77) 肾结石位置 肾盂 101 −3.87(−20.37, 9.21) Z=−1.62 0.10 输尿管 156 −1.55(−16.50,16.96) 性别 男 149 1.45(−14.68,16.07) Z=−1.41 0.16 女 108 −1.36(−16.20, 9.31) 注:表中,GFR:肾小球滤过率 -
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