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胸腺上皮性肿瘤(thymic epithelial tumor,TET)是前纵隔最常见的肿瘤,起源于胸腺上皮细胞,约占前纵隔肿瘤的47%[1]。TET的生物学行为及病理学分型复杂,不同病理类型侵袭性程度不同,所处临床分期也不同。世界卫生组织(world health organization, WHO)于1999年对TET进行了病理分型,并于2015年进一步修订,将TET分为6种肿瘤亚型:A型、AB型、B1型、B2型、B3型和C型(胸腺癌)[2]。18F-FDG PET/CT作为一种新型分子影像技术,在多种恶性肿瘤的诊断和分期中具有重要的价值,但在TET诊断及分期中的价值鲜有报道。本研究回顾性分析经手术病理学结果证实的40例TET患者的临床资料,旨在探讨18F-FDG PET/CT的SUVmax与TET的WHO简化病理分型及Masaoka分期[3]的关系。
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40例患者中,低危型胸腺瘤11例(A型1例、AB型4例、B1型6例),典型病例的PET/CT显像结果见图1;高危型胸腺瘤15例(B2型10例、B3型5例)(图2);胸腺癌14例(图3)。按Masaoka分期标准进行分期的结果:Ⅰ期8例、Ⅱ期17例、Ⅲ期15例。40例TET患者肿瘤病灶的SUVmax为5.58(4.55,8.58)。
图 1 胸腺瘤AB型患者(女性,57岁)的18F-FDG PET/CT显像图 图中,A:CT横断面图,显示左前纵隔有一长径约3.3 cm的软组织肿块影,边界清晰,密度均匀;B:PET/CT横断面融合图,显示肿块对18F-FDG的代谢轻度增高,SUVmax=2.99。FDG:氟脱氧葡萄糖;PET:正电子发射断层显像术;CT:计算机体层摄影术;SUVmax:最大标准化摄取值
Figure 1. 18F-FDG PET/CT images of type AB thymoma in a 57-year-old woman
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低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌3组的SUVmax结果见表1。3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.716,P<0.01)。3组间PET代谢参数的比较见图4。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期3组间SUVmax差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.295,P<0.01),各组间PET代谢参数的比较见图5。
分型与分期 例数 SUVmax[M(P25,P75)] 低危型胸腺瘤 11 3.78(2.99,4.53) A型 1 1.45 AB型 4 3.34(2.82,3.78) B1型 6 4.49(4.09,5.56) 高危型胸腺瘤 15 5.21(4.89,6.24) B2型 10 5.18(4.69,5.67) B3型 5 6.24(4.94,7.19) 胸腺癌(C型) 14 10.44(7.82,16.61) Masaoka分期 Ⅰ期 8 3.74(3.11,4.51) Ⅱ期 17 5.14(4.66,5.69) Ⅲ期 15 10.08(7.52,16.07) 注:表中,A型、AB型、B1型、B2型、B3型和C型为WHO(2015)胸腺上皮性肿瘤的病理分型。低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.716,P<0.01);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.295,P<0.01)。FDG:氟脱氧葡萄糖;PET:正电子发射断层显像术;CT:计算机体层摄影术;SUVmax:最大标准化摄取值;WHO:世界卫生组织 表 1 40例胸腺上皮性肿瘤患者18F-FDG PET/CT的SUVmax
Table 1. Maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in 40 patients with thymic epithelial tumor
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胸腺瘤和胸腺癌2组的ROC曲线分析结果:SUVmax鉴别诊断2组的AUC为0.953(95%CI:0.891~1.000,P<0.01);SUVmax=6.81是鉴别诊断胸腺瘤与胸腺癌的最佳临界值,其灵敏度为85.7%、特异度为92.3%。
胸腺上皮性肿瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像最大标准化摄取值与WHO病理分型及Masaoka分期的关系
Relationship between the maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG PET/CT and WHO pathological classification and Masaoka stage of thymic epithelial tumors
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摘要:
目的 探讨胸腺上皮性肿瘤(TET)术前18F-FDG PET/CT显像最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)与世界卫生组织(WHO)病理分型及Masaoka分期的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2007年9月至2019年3月于南京医科大学第一附属医院经手术病理学结果证实的40例TET患者的临床资料,其中男性14例、女性26例,年龄32~79岁。分析所有患者的术前18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,测定病灶的SUVmax。参照WHO(2015) TET病理分型将TET患者分为低危型胸腺瘤(A、AB、B1型)、高危型胸腺瘤(B2、B3型)和胸腺癌(C型)3组;采用Masaoka分期标准将TET患者分为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期 3组;将TET患者分为胸腺瘤(包括低危型胸腺瘤和高危型胸腺瘤)和胸腺癌2组,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线计算SUVmax和曲线下面积(AUC)。3组间的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,2组间的比较采用 Mann-Whitney U检验。 结果 低危型胸腺瘤11例(A型1例、AB型4例、B1型6例),高危型胸腺瘤15例(B2型10例、B3型5例),胸腺癌14例。Masaoka分期:Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期17例,Ⅲ期15例。低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌的中位SUVmax分别为3.78、5.21和10.44,3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.716,P<0.01);组间的两两比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.088、−3.928、4.106,均P<0.01)。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的中位SUVmax分别为3.74、5.14、10.08,3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.295,P<0.01),组间的两两比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.680、3.679、−3.644,均P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果:AUC为0.953(95%可变区间:0.891~1.000,P<0.01);SUVmax=6.81是鉴别诊断胸腺瘤与胸腺癌的最佳临界值。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT 的参数SUVmax与TET的WHO病理分型及Masaoka分期具有较好的相关性,可为临床制定治疗计划提供参考。 -
关键词:
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 胸腺上皮性肿瘤 /
- 氟脱氧葡萄糖F18 /
- 最大标准化摄取值
Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and the World Health Organization (WHO) pathological classification and Masaoka stage of thymic epithelial tumors. Methods A total of 40 patients (14 males and 26 females ranging in age from 32 years to 79 years) was retrospectively reviewed with histologically proven thymic epithelial tumors who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before surgical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2007 to March 2019. SUVmax was measured. The patients were divided into three groups in accordance with a simplified pathological classification scheme WHO (2015): low-risk thymomas (types A, AB, and B1), high-risk thymomas (types B2 and B3), and thymic carcinomas (type C). In addition, all tumors were divided into three groups on the basis of the Masaoka stage: stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ. The area under the curve (AUC) calculated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the best value of SUVmax that was capable of discriminating thymomas from thymic carcinomas. Groups were compared by using the Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results A total of 11 low-risk thymomas (1 type A, 4 type AB, and 6 type B1), 15 high-risk thymomas (10 type B2 and 5 type B3), and 14 thymic carcinomas were identified. Eight, 17, and 15 patients were in Masaoka stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, respectively. The median SUVmax value was 3.78 for low-risk thymomas, 5.21 for high-risk thymomas, and 10.44 for thymic carcinomas and was significantly different among groups (Z=3.088, −3.928, 4.106; all P<0.01), the difference in SUVmax between the 3 groups is statistically significant (χ2=26.716, P<0.01). The values for Masaoka stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were 3.74, 5.14, and 10.08, respectively, and showed significant differences when compared with each other (Z=2.680, 3.679, −3.644; all P<0.01), the difference in SUVmax between the 3 groups is statistically significant (χ2=22.295, P<0.01) . The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of SUVmax was 0.953 (95% confidence interval: 0.891–1.000, P<0.01). SUVmax=6.81 was the best threshold for the differential diagnosis of thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Conclusions SUVmax measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT had a good correlation with the pathological classification and Masaoka stage of thymic epithelial tumors. Therefore, it can provide reference value for planning clinical treatment. -
表 1 40例胸腺上皮性肿瘤患者18F-FDG PET/CT的SUVmax
Table 1. Maximum standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in 40 patients with thymic epithelial tumor
分型与分期 例数 SUVmax[M(P25,P75)] 低危型胸腺瘤 11 3.78(2.99,4.53) A型 1 1.45 AB型 4 3.34(2.82,3.78) B1型 6 4.49(4.09,5.56) 高危型胸腺瘤 15 5.21(4.89,6.24) B2型 10 5.18(4.69,5.67) B3型 5 6.24(4.94,7.19) 胸腺癌(C型) 14 10.44(7.82,16.61) Masaoka分期 Ⅰ期 8 3.74(3.11,4.51) Ⅱ期 17 5.14(4.66,5.69) Ⅲ期 15 10.08(7.52,16.07) 注:表中,A型、AB型、B1型、B2型、B3型和C型为WHO(2015)胸腺上皮性肿瘤的病理分型。低危型胸腺瘤、高危型胸腺瘤和胸腺癌3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.716,P<0.01);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期3组间SUVmax的差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.295,P<0.01)。FDG:氟脱氧葡萄糖;PET:正电子发射断层显像术;CT:计算机体层摄影术;SUVmax:最大标准化摄取值;WHO:世界卫生组织 -
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