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18F-FDG是葡萄糖的类似物,可作为肝脏糖代谢的底物,也是最常用的肝脏PET/CT显像剂。由于肝脏具有体积大、血流快和血流量大等特点,因此,临床上进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像时,正常肝脏常作为图像质量评价、疗效评估和病变诊断的参照标准[1-3]。如果病变部位或器官的18F-FDG摄取超过肝脏,则要高度怀疑是恶性病变或器官功能异常等情况。
PET/CT显像时,对于肝脏内单发或多发的结节样、肿块样或片团样18F-FDG摄取增高灶,诊断和鉴别诊断思路较为成熟,诊断的准确率也高。较为少见的表现是肝脏呈弥漫性、均匀性或非均匀性全肝18F-FDG摄取增高,被称为“超级肝显像”。“超级肝显像”最早见于Basu和Nair[4]的报道,其借用了“超级骨显像”这一概念。肝脏呈弥漫性18F-FDG摄取增高或典型的“超级肝显像”时,诊断和鉴别诊断思路则较为困难。我们结合平时工作中积累的经验,并参考相关文献,总结提炼诊断思路并拓展诊断视野,现综述如下。
18F-FDG PET/CT显像中肝脏弥漫性摄取增高的鉴别诊断
Differential diagnosis of hepatic diseases with diffuse hepatic uptake increased in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging
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摘要: 肝脏摄取状态常作为18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像时图像质量评价、疗效评估和病变诊断的参照标准。但有时肝脏呈弥漫性、均匀性或非均匀性18F-FDG摄取增高,被称为“超级肝显像”。除生理和技术因素影响外,各种弥漫性肝实质疾病和肝脏恶性肿瘤都可导致肝脏对18F-FDG的摄取增高。笔者就此进行综述,旨在为临床鉴别诊断拓展思路。
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关键词:
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 氟脱氧葡萄糖F18 /
- 肝疾病 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 超级肝显像
Abstract: Hepatic uptake is often used as the reference standard for the evaluation of image quality, therapeutic efficiency and diagnosis of diseases in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging. However, the liver shows diffuse, homogeneous or heterogeneous high 18F-FDG uptake sometimes, called "hepatic superscan". Except for biologic and technical factors, many diffuse hepatic parenchymal diseases and malignancies may increased the uptake of 18F-FDG by the liver. This paper reviews this in order to widen the view in clinical differential diagnosis. -
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