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神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine neoplasm,NEN)起源于肽能神经元和神经内分泌细胞,是从表现为惰性、缓慢生长的低度恶性到具有广泛转移能力的高度恶性的一系列异质性肿瘤。根据2010年世界卫生组织分级标准,NEN可分级为G1、G2、G3和混合性腺神经内分泌癌[1]。G1级和G2级肿瘤的分化程度良好,属于高分化神经内分泌瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET);而G3级肿瘤属于低分化神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma,NEC),其增殖活性更高,发生远端侵袭和转移的速度也更快[2]。NEN可发生于全身各部位,好发于胃肠道、胰腺和肺,约占95%以上[3]。NEN历来被认为是少见肿瘤,然而调查结果显示,NEN的发病率有升高趋势,由此受到越来越多的关注,如今已逐渐不再被认为是罕见病[4]。早期诊断对于及时有效地治疗NEN非常重要。与传统影像学检查获得特异部位的病理学形态资料不同,核医学功能成像能够通过特异性分子探针靶向NEN过表达的生物标志物,从而实现对NEN的精准诊断和核素治疗。因此,新型分子探针的研发是核医学影像技术发展的重中之重,我们对近年来NEN核医学显像剂的研究进展进行综述。
神经内分泌肿瘤核医学显像剂的研究进展
Research progress of nuclear medicine imaging tracers for neuroendocrine neoplasma
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摘要: 核医学显像作为无创性功能影像检查手段,在神经内分泌肿瘤诊断中发挥着重要作用。核医学显像的关键点在于分子靶向探针,目前已报道用于神经内分泌肿瘤显像的核医学分子探针可分为靶向生长抑素受体类和其他类,其中,靶向生长抑素受体类显像剂又可分为生长抑素受体激动剂和拮抗剂。笔者对用于神经内分泌肿瘤诊断的核医学显像剂进行综述。Abstract: Nuclear medicine imaging, as a noninvasive functional imaging method, plays a vital role in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasma. Nuclear medicine imaging relies on molecular targeted tracers. According to the published papers, nuclear medicine imaging tracers for neuroendocrine neoplasma can be divided into somatostatin receptor-targeted tracers and other types, and the former contains somatostatin receptor agonists and antagonists. In this paper, nuclear medicine imaging tracers for neuroendocrine neoplasma are reviewed.
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Key words:
- Carcinoma, neuroendocrine /
- Radionuclide imaging /
- Radioactive tracers
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