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双能X射线吸收测定法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)是利用高低两种能量的X 射线透过人体时的能量衰减来计算扫描区域中骨矿物质含量和软组织成分的一种方法[1]。由于骨骼和软组织成分的衰减系数不同,DXA 扫描可区分全身和局部骨骼及软组织成分。CT、MRI、超声检查和生物电阻抗分析也可测量身体成分,但DXA 具有成本低、精准度高和辐射剂量低等优势,并且可用于儿童、成人和体弱者[1],是临床研究中评估身体成分的首选方法[2]。身体成分有多种分类方法,DXA 测量身体成分分为3种类型:脂肪质量(fat mass,FM)、瘦体质量(lean mass,LM)和骨矿物质含量。DXA 测量身体成分包含各种测量参数,基本参数有骨密度、骨矿物质含量、全身FM、LM和体脂率,评估LM和肥胖的参数有瘦体质量指数、四肢瘦体质量指数、脂肪质量指数、内脏脂肪组织、男女型脂肪比(android/gynoid ratio)和躯干大腿脂肪量比[3]。DXA体成分分析在许多疾病的诊疗中具有重要价值,特别是对一些慢性非传播性疾病风险的监测[4]。2013年,国际临床密度测定学会基于各种研究结果总结了DXA体成分分析在临床疾病中的应用,包括肥胖症、肌少症和脂肪营养不良等疾病的诊断与风险分级[3]。近年来,从评估FM或LM与疾病风险之间的关联,到解释病理生理过程或评估治疗干预的效果等方面,DXA 体成分分析在一系列临床应用中取得了迅速的发展。
双能X射线吸收测定法测量身体成分的应用及研究进展
Advances in the application and research of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in measuring body compositions
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摘要: 双能X射线吸收测定法(DXA)具有辐射剂量低、重现性好、扫描时间短和容易获得等优势,广泛应用于临床和科研中。DXA体成分分析可检测骨密度、脂肪质量、瘦体质量、去脂肪质量和体脂率等多种身体成分。目前,DXA体成分分析在各种临床疾病的诊断、治疗及风险评估中被广泛地应用,笔者就DXA体成分分析在一些临床疾病中的应用及最新研究进展作简要综述。Abstract: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in clinical and scientific research due to its advantages of low radiation dose, good reproducibility, short scanning time and easy access. DXA body composition analysis can detect various body compositions, including bone density, fat mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass, body fat rate and so on. It has been widely used in the diagnosis, treatment and risk assessment of various clinical diseases. This review is focused on the application of DXA body composition analysis and the latest research in some clinical diseases.
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Key words:
- Body composition /
- Absorptiometry, photon /
- Fat mass; Lean mass
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