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甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,主要包括DTC、未分化型甲状腺癌(anaplastic thyroid carcinomas,ATC)和髓样甲状腺癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC),其中DTC包括乳头状甲状腺癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)、滤泡状甲状腺癌(follicular thyroid carcinoma,FTC)。2015年美国国家癌症研究所数据显示,美国甲状腺癌的年发病率为14.5/10万[1]。2016年的数据显示,我国甲状腺癌的发病率在女性恶性肿瘤排名中已居第八位[2]。目前,甲状腺癌在世界范围内的发病率正呈逐渐上升趋势。多数甲状腺癌的生物学行为良好,但当肿瘤出现复发、转移后,往往病情进展快、预后差,这也是患者死亡的主要原因。目前,甲状腺癌复发、转移的具体机制尚不明确,需要进一步深入研究。
微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是真核生物中一类内源性、在进化上高度保守、长度为18~24个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,由不同染色体位点转录而成,定位于独立非编码RNA或蛋白编码基因内显子,其广泛参与了细胞反应的许多过程,如细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等。miRNA主要通过与靶标基因3′-非翻译区完全或不完全配对,抑制靶标基因mRNA翻译或诱导降解,在转录后水平调节基因表达,从而调控个体发育和细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等过程[3]。目前有实验证据表明,miRNA可以担任抑癌基因或者癌基因,与人类多种恶性肿瘤的形成、侵袭和转移有着密切的联系,是近年来肿瘤领域的研究热点[4]。近来的研究结果也显示,miRNA在人类不同类型的甲状腺癌中存在表达失调,其参与了甲状腺癌的发生、发展,与甲状腺癌的侵袭、转移也存在相关性[5-6]。笔者就miRNA在不同类型甲状腺癌中的研究进展进行综述。
微小RNA在甲状腺癌发生、 发展中的研究进展
Advance in study of microRNA in occurrence and development of thyroid carcinoma
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摘要: 微小RNA(miRNA)是一类内源性的、在进化上高度保守的非编码单链小RNA,其在多种生物和代谢过程中发挥着重要作用,包括信号转导及细胞增殖、分化和凋亡。miRNA可以担任抑癌基因或者癌基因,与肿瘤的形成有着密切的联系。近年来的研究结果显示,miRNA与甲状腺癌关系密切,参与了甲状腺癌的发生、发展过程,这与其具有的高侵袭性特征也存在相关性。笔者主要综述miRNA在不同类型甲状腺癌中的最新研究进展。Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, evolutionarily highly conserved noncoding single-stranded small RNAs. They play important roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes, including signal transduction, and cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNAs can act as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, which are closely related to the formation of tumors. Recent studies have found that miRNA is closely related to thyroid cancer, and is involved in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer, and is correlated with its highly invasive characteristics. In this paper the available data on miRNA deregulation in different thyroid tumors and the putative role of miRNA in thyroid cancer development were reviewed.
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Key words:
- Thyroid neoplasms /
- MicroRNAs /
- Carcinogenesis
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