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抑郁症是一种以明显而持久的情绪低落、兴趣减退及思维缓慢等为主要表现的心理障碍,对患者的工作和生活以致生命造成严重威胁。抑郁症已成为仅次于心脑血管病的人类第二大疾病[1]。然而,目前对于抑郁症的研究尚不充分,对于抑郁症的发病机制和病因尚不明确[2]。
近年来,随着影像学技术在精神和心理疾病领域的应用,基于血氧水平依赖的静息态功能磁共振成像(resting-state functional MRI,rs-fMRI)技术[3],作为研究脑功能异常的方法有着自己特有的优势,其可以在无创伤条件下对大脑进行特定的研究,并有较高的空间分辨率[4],被广泛应用于静息态人脑自发活动的研究中。在众多rs-fMRI指标中,低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)被认为可以反映静息态下大脑自发神经活动水平的高低,具有重要的生理意义[5],可能是研究抑郁症患者发病机制的有效方法[6];而低频振幅比率(fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,fALFF)是一种改良的ALFF方法,通过采用0.01~0.08 Hz之间的信号振荡平均强度与整个频段振荡信号的比值,可去除生理噪音带来的影响,提高检测脑自发活动的灵敏度和特异度[7-8]。因此,本研究采用ALFF和fALFF的方法,初步探讨首次发作抑郁症患者局部脑区活动的异常变化,为抑郁症可能的发病机制提供理论依据。
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抑郁症组与正常对照组的年龄、性别及受教育程度之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,详见表1。正常对照组的HAMD-17评分明显低于抑郁症组,差异有统计学意义(t=−15.250,P<0.001)。
组别 性别
(男/女,例)年龄
(岁)受教育年限
(年)HAMD-17
评分正常对照组
(n=17)8/9
37.18±11.53
12.88±1.83
1.76±1.20
抑郁症组
(n=17)5/12
37.24±13.50
22.12±5.37
12.41±2.81
t值 − −0.014 0.579 −15.250 P值 0.480 0.989 0.568 <0.001 注:表中,HAMD-17:17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表;−:无此项数据 表 1 抑郁症组与正常对照组的临床特点
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of depression and control group
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抑郁症组患者脑区右前扣带回、右前扣带回和旁扣带回的ALFF值均较正常对照组减低,差异均有统计学意义(t=−7.08、−4.56,均P<0.05)。其他具体数值见表2。抑郁症组与正常对照组ALFF值有差异的脑区横断面和矢状面MRI图像见图1和图2。
图 1 抑郁症组与正常对照组ALFF值有差异的脑区横断面MRI图像
Figure 1. Differences in amplitude of low frequency fluctuation values between depression and control group in axial position
组别 BA分区 最大差异点MNI坐标(mm) 连续体素数(k值) ALFF值 x y z 正常对照组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −3 79 0.76±0.12 右前扣带回和旁扣带回 − 9 24 24 53 0.77±0.16 抑郁症组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −3 79 0.51±0.11a 右前扣带回和旁扣带回 − 9 24 24 53 0.56±0.08a 注:表中,a:与正常对照组比较,t=−7.08、−4.56,均 P<0.05。BA:Brodmann;MNI:蒙特利尔神经病学研究所;ALFF:低频振幅;−:无具体分区 表 2 抑郁症组与正常对照组脑区ALFF值的差异
Table 2. Differences in amplitude of low frequency fluctuation values between depression and control group
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抑郁症组患者脑区右前扣带回的fALFF较正常对照组降低,左舌回的fALFF较正常对照组升高,差异均有统计学意义(t=−5.64、4.61,均P<0.05),具体数据详见表3。抑郁症组与正常对照组fALFF有差异的脑区横断面和矢状面MRI图像见图3和图4。
组别 BA分区 最大差异点MNI坐标(mm) 连续体素数(k值) fALFF x y z 正常对照组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −6 23 1.04±0.05 左舌回 18 9 −87 −9 35 0.99±0.08 抑郁症组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −6 23 0.96±0.06a 左舌回 18 9 −87 −9 35 1.11±0.09a 注:表中,a:与正常对照组比较,t=−5.64、4.61,均 P<0.05。BA:Brodmann;MNI:蒙特利尔神经病学研究所;fALFF:低频振幅比率 表 3 抑郁症组与正常对照组脑区fALFF的差异
Table 3. Differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation values between depression and control groups
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Pearson相关性分析结果显示,首发抑郁症患者脑区右前扣带回ALFF值与其HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=−0.640,P=0.006)(图5),而右旁扣带回ALFF值、右前扣带回及左舌回fALFF与其HAMD-17评分均无相关性(r=−0.328、−0.029、−0.052,均P>0.05)。
首次发作抑郁症患者静息态fMRI低频振幅的初步研究
Preliminary research on amplitude of low frequency fluctuation of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode major depressive disorder patients
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摘要:
目的 探讨首次发作抑郁症患者脑区静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)的低频振幅(ALFF)值和低频振幅比率(fALFF)的变化,并分析17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分与ALFF、fALFF异常脑区的相关性。 方法 选取2019年1月至12月就诊于苏州大学附属广济医院的首发抑郁症患者17例(抑郁症组:男性5例、女性12例,年龄19~54岁)和17名正常志愿者(正常对照组:男性8名、女性9名,年龄20~58岁),收集两组受试者的人口学资料以及HAMD-17评分并进行回顾性分析,所有受试者均行rs-fMRI扫描。基于MATLAB R2017a平台,采用ALFF和fALFF方法对rs-fMRI数据分析,比较2组受试者的ALFF值和fALFF,提取2组受试者差异有统计学意义的脑区。2组计量资料的比较采用两独立样本t检验,对脑区的ALFF值和fALFF分别与HAMD-17评分行Pearson相关性分析。 结果 与正常对照组相比,抑郁症组患者右前扣带回(0.51±0.11对0.76±0.12)、右前扣带回和旁扣带回(0.56±0.08对0.77±0.16)的ALFF值降低,差异有统计学意义(t=−7.08、−4.56,均P<0.05),右前扣带回的fALFF降低(0.96±0.06对1.04±0.05)、左舌回的fALFF升高(1.11±0.09对0.99±0.08),差异有统计学意义(t=−5.64、4.61,均P<0.05)。首发抑郁症患者右前扣带回ALFF值与患者HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=−0.640,P=0.006),而右旁扣带回ALFF值、右前扣带回及左舌回fALFF与患者HAMD-17评分均无相关性。 结论 静息状态下首发抑郁症患者右前扣带回及左舌回的ALFF值和fALFF可能发生变化,这些脑区的自发性脑神经活动异常可能与HAMD-17评分有一定的相关性。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the alteration of baseline brain activity levels in first-episode depressive disorder patients by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) based on the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The correlations between the scores of HAMD-17 and the abnormal brain regions of ALFF and fALFF were analyzed. Methods Seventeen first-episode depressive patients (depression group: 5 males and 12 females, aged 19−54 years old) and 17 normal volunteers (control group: 8 males and 9 females, aged 20−58 years old) awere enrolled. Demographic data and HAMD-17 scores of the two groups were collected and analyzed by retrospective analysis, and rs-fMRI scanning was performed on the two groups. Based on the MATLAB R2017a platform, ALFF and fALFF methods were used to analyze the resting state scanning data. The ALFF and fALFF values of the two groups were compared by using DPABI v4.3 statistical software. The brain regions with statistically significant differences between the two groups were extracted by REST1.8 software. SPSS19.0 was used to analyze the demographic data. Two independent samples t-test was used for continuous variables with normal distributions. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between these brain regions and HAMD-17 scores. Results Compared with the control group, the depressive disorder patients of depression group had decreased ALFF in the right anterior cingulate (0.51±0.11 vs. 0.76±0.12) and right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (0.56±0.08 vs. 0.77±0.16), the difference was statistically significant (t=−7.08, −4.56, both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the disorder patients of depressive group showed decreased fALFF in the right anterior cingulate (0.96±0.06 vs. 1.04±0.05), and increased fALFF in left lingual gyrus (1.11±0.09 vs. 0.99±0.08), the difference was statistically significant (t=−5.64, 4.61, both P<0.05). A negative correlation among ALFF values was found in the right anterior cingulate cortex and HAMD-17 score in first-episode depression patients (r=−0.640, P=0.006), whereas no correlation was found among ALFF values in the right anterior cingulate cortex, fALFF in the right anterior cingulate and left lingual gyrus, and HAMD-17 scores. Conclusions The values of ALFF and fALFF in the right anterior cingulate gyrus and left lingual gyrus may change in first-episode depression patients under resting state. The spontaneous abnormal brain nerve activity in these brain regions may be related to HAMD-17 scores. -
表 1 抑郁症组与正常对照组的临床特点
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of depression and control group
组别 性别
(男/女,例)年龄
(岁)受教育年限
(年)HAMD-17
评分正常对照组
(n=17)8/9
37.18±11.53
12.88±1.83
1.76±1.20
抑郁症组
(n=17)5/12
37.24±13.50
22.12±5.37
12.41±2.81
t值 − −0.014 0.579 −15.250 P值 0.480 0.989 0.568 <0.001 注:表中,HAMD-17:17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表;−:无此项数据 表 2 抑郁症组与正常对照组脑区ALFF值的差异
Table 2. Differences in amplitude of low frequency fluctuation values between depression and control group
组别 BA分区 最大差异点MNI坐标(mm) 连续体素数(k值) ALFF值 x y z 正常对照组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −3 79 0.76±0.12 右前扣带回和旁扣带回 − 9 24 24 53 0.77±0.16 抑郁症组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −3 79 0.51±0.11a 右前扣带回和旁扣带回 − 9 24 24 53 0.56±0.08a 注:表中,a:与正常对照组比较,t=−7.08、−4.56,均 P<0.05。BA:Brodmann;MNI:蒙特利尔神经病学研究所;ALFF:低频振幅;−:无具体分区 表 3 抑郁症组与正常对照组脑区fALFF的差异
Table 3. Differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation values between depression and control groups
组别 BA分区 最大差异点MNI坐标(mm) 连续体素数(k值) fALFF x y z 正常对照组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −6 23 1.04±0.05 左舌回 18 9 −87 −9 35 0.99±0.08 抑郁症组(n=17) 右前扣带回 11 9 36 −6 23 0.96±0.06a 左舌回 18 9 −87 −9 35 1.11±0.09a 注:表中,a:与正常对照组比较,t=−5.64、4.61,均 P<0.05。BA:Brodmann;MNI:蒙特利尔神经病学研究所;fALFF:低频振幅比率 -
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