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乳腺癌是具有高度异质性的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和病死率均逐年递增,严重威胁女性的生命健康。磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)对乳腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断具有较高的灵敏度及特异度。DWI是检测活体组织内水分子微观扩散运动的常用方法,可获取定量参数表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)。研究表明,依据增强MRI的不同形态特征,乳腺癌又分为肿块型和非肿块型[1]。基础和临床研究结果表明,二者存在不同的病理生理学基础,在涉及肿瘤类型、级别和预后等方面均有差异,分类探讨很有意义[2]。目前有关DWI的ADC与雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR) 、 人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2)和细胞增殖核抗原 Ki-67(简称 Ki-67)等乳腺癌分子生物学标志物的相关性研究仍较少,且多数未将肿瘤按强化类型进行分类,导致相关性存在一定争议[3]。本研究探讨不同强化类型乳腺癌的ADC与肿瘤生物学表征间的相关性,为术前预判肿瘤生物学特征提供依据。
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肿块型乳腺癌患者的ADC为(0.95±0.13)×103 mm2/s,显著低于非肿块型的(1.03±0.12)×103 mm2/s,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.193,P=0.023)。典型病例的MRI图像见图1和图2。
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在19例非肿块型乳腺癌患者中,ER(−)、PR(−)、Ki-67>14%者的ADC显著低于ER(+)、PR(+)、Ki-67≤14%者 (t =2.742、2.054、2.323,均 P<0.05);HER-2过表达型患者的ADC高于Luminal A 型、Luminal B 型和TNBC患者,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.515、2.336、2.721,均P<0.05)。在49例肿块型乳腺癌患者中,ER(−)、Ki-67>14%者的ADC显著低于ER(+)、Ki-67≤14%者(t=3.291、2.183,均P<0.05),HER-2过表达型患者的ADC高于Luminal A 型、Luminal B 型和TNBC患者,且差异均有统计学意义(t =2.493、2.453、2.512,均P <0.05)。其他具体数据见表1。
生物学标志物及
分子亚型分类 病灶数 ADC t 值 P 值 肿块型 非肿块型 ER − 27 0.93±0.12 0.99±0.14 2.038 0.048 + 41 1.02±0.14a 1.09±0.11a 2.517 0.014 PR − 24 0.95±0.12 1.00±0.11 1.505 0.139 + 44 0.98±0.16a 1.03±0.13 2.045 0.042 HER-2 − 39 0.95±0.13 0.98±0.12 1.061 0.293 + 29 0.97±0.15 1.02±0.14 1.306 0.195 Ki-67 ≤14% 35 0.98±0.16 1.03±0.16 1.392 0.169 >14% 33 0.90±0.12b 0.97±0.13b 2.272 0.026 分子亚型 Luminal A型 15 0.92±0.09c 0.95±0.13c 0.678 0.500 Luminal B型 33 0.95±0.11c 0.99±0.12c 1.103 0.279 HER-2过表达型 9 1.05±0.13 1.09±0.15 0.993 0.329 TNBC 11 0.94±0.10c 0.97±0.12c 0.639 0.531 注:表中,−:阴性;+:阳性。a:与ER、PR(−)比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.054~3.291,均P<0.05);b: 与≤14%比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.183、2.232,均P<0.05);c : 与HER-2过表达型比较,差异均有统计学意义(t =2.336~2.515,均 P<0.05)。ADC:表观扩散系数;ER:雌激素受体;PR:孕激素受体:HER-2:人表皮生长因子受体2;Ki-67:细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67;TNBC:三阴性乳腺癌 表 1 68例乳腺癌患者不同强化类型、不同生物学标记物及分子亚型的ADC比较(
,×103 mm2/s)$ \scriptstyle \bar x \pm s$ Table 1. Comparison of ADC of 68 patients with different types of enhancement, different biomarkers and molecular subtypes (
, ×103 mm2/s)$\scriptstyle \bar x \pm s$ -
由表2可知,肿块型乳腺癌的ADC与ER(+)、PR(+)表达呈正相关,与Ki-67表达水平呈负相关;非肿块型乳腺癌的ADC与ER(+)表达呈正相关,与Ki-67表达水平呈负相关。
不同类型的检验值 ER(+) PR(+) HER-2 Ki-67 肿块型乳腺癌的ADC r值 0.394 0.360 −0.232 −0.407 P值 0.024 0.044 0.178 0.016 非肿块型乳腺癌的ADC r值 0.371 0.303 −0.214 −0.397 P值 0.036 0.061 0.126 0.027 注:表中,ADC:表观扩散系数;ER:雌激素受体;PR:孕激素受体:HER-2:人表皮生长因子受体2;Ki-67:细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67 表 2 不同强化类型乳腺癌的ADC与生物学标志物的相关性
Table 2. Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient and biomarkers in different enhancement types of breast cancer
肿块型与非肿块型乳腺癌MRI弥散加权成像表观扩散系数与分子生物学指标的相关性研究
Study on the correlation between MRI diffusion-weighted imaging apparent diffusion coefficient and molecular biological indexes of mass-like and non-mass-like breast cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨肿块型与非肿块型乳腺癌磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)与肿瘤分子生物学特征之间的相关性。 方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月珠海市中西医结合医院收治的68例经病理学确诊的乳腺癌患者术前磁共振的DWI资料,患者均为女性,年龄34~72(48.5±4.7)岁;其中肿块型49例,非肿块型19例。采用免疫组化法测定雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)和细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67(简称Ki-67)的表达,肿块型与非肿块型乳腺癌、不同生物学标记物及不同分子亚型乳腺癌的ADC比较采用t检验。采用Spearman等级相关性分析ADC与生物学标志物和分子亚型的相关性。 结果 肿块型乳腺癌的ADC低于非肿块型[(0.95±0.13)×103 mm2/s vs.(1.03±0.12)×103 mm2/s],差异有统计学意义(t=2.193,P=0.023)。19例非肿块型乳腺癌中ER(−)、PR(−)、Ki-67>14%者的ADC低于ER(+)、PR(+)、Ki-67≤14%者(t =2.742、2.054、2.323,均 P<0.05),HER-2过表达型的ADC高于其他分子亚型,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.515、2.336、2.721,均P<0.05)。49例肿块型乳腺癌中ER(−)、Ki-67>14%者的ADC低于ER(+)、Ki-67≤14%者(t=3.291、2.183,均 P<0.05),HER-2过表达型的ADC高于其他分子亚型,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.493、2.453、2.512,均P<0.05)。肿块型乳腺癌患者的ADC与ER(+)、PR(+)表达呈正相关,与Ki-67表达水平呈负相关,且差异均有统计学意义(r=0.394、0.360、−0.407,均P<0.05);非肿块型乳腺癌患者的ADC与ER(+)表达呈正相关,与Ki-67表达水平呈负相关,且差异均有统计学意义(r=0.371、−0.397,均P<0.05)。 结论 非肿块型乳腺癌的ADC高于肿块型乳腺癌,肿瘤ADC与分子生物学表征具有一定的相关性。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in breast cancer of mass-like and non-mass-like breast cancer with tumor molecular biomarkers. Methods DWI of 68 breast cancer patients admitted to Zhuhai Integrative Medicine Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 before operation was retrospectively analyzed, all patients were female, aged 34−72 (48.5±4.7) years, 49 case mass-like and 19 case non-mass-like breast cancer patients . Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and cancer antigen were expressed by immunohistochemical assay, and the molecular subtypes were evaluated. T-test was used to compared the ADC of tumor type and non-tumor type breast cancer, different biological markers and different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The correlation between ADC values and molecular markers and subtypes was analyzed by Spearman level correlation. Results The ADC value of mass-like breast cancer was significantly lower than that of non-mass-like breast cancer ((0.95±0.13)×103 mm2/s vs. (1.03±0.12)×103 mm2/s, t=2.193, P=0.023). The ADC values of 19 non-mass-like breast cancer patients with ER(−), PR(−) and Ki-67>14% were significantly lower than those of ER(+), PR(+) and Ki-67≤14% (t=2.742, 2.054, 2.323; all P<0.05), and patients with the HER-2 overexpression type was higher than other molecular subtypes (t=2.515, 2.336, 2.721; all P<0.05). The ADC values of 49 mass-like breast cancer patients with ER(−) and Ki-67>14% were significantly lower than those of ER(+) and Ki-67≤14% (t=3.291, 2.183; both P<0.05) and patients with the HER-2 overexpression type was higher than other molecular subtypes(t=2.493, 2.453, 2.512; all P<0.05). The ADC value of mass-like breast cancer was positively correlated with the negative expression of ER (+) and PR (+), and the expression level of Ki-67 (r=0.394, 0.360, −0.407; all P<0.05). The ADC value of mass-like breast cancer was positively correlated with ER (+) negative expression and Ki-67 expression (r=0.371, −0.397; both P<0.05). Conclusion The ADC value of non-mass-like breast cancer is higher than that of mass-like, and the ADC value has a good correlation with the expression of molecular biological characterization. -
表 1 68例乳腺癌患者不同强化类型、不同生物学标记物及分子亚型的ADC比较(
,×103 mm2/s)$ \scriptstyle \bar x \pm s$ Table 1. Comparison of ADC of 68 patients with different types of enhancement, different biomarkers and molecular subtypes (
, ×103 mm2/s)$\scriptstyle \bar x \pm s$ 生物学标志物及
分子亚型分类 病灶数 ADC t 值 P 值 肿块型 非肿块型 ER − 27 0.93±0.12 0.99±0.14 2.038 0.048 + 41 1.02±0.14a 1.09±0.11a 2.517 0.014 PR − 24 0.95±0.12 1.00±0.11 1.505 0.139 + 44 0.98±0.16a 1.03±0.13 2.045 0.042 HER-2 − 39 0.95±0.13 0.98±0.12 1.061 0.293 + 29 0.97±0.15 1.02±0.14 1.306 0.195 Ki-67 ≤14% 35 0.98±0.16 1.03±0.16 1.392 0.169 >14% 33 0.90±0.12b 0.97±0.13b 2.272 0.026 分子亚型 Luminal A型 15 0.92±0.09c 0.95±0.13c 0.678 0.500 Luminal B型 33 0.95±0.11c 0.99±0.12c 1.103 0.279 HER-2过表达型 9 1.05±0.13 1.09±0.15 0.993 0.329 TNBC 11 0.94±0.10c 0.97±0.12c 0.639 0.531 注:表中,−:阴性;+:阳性。a:与ER、PR(−)比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.054~3.291,均P<0.05);b: 与≤14%比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.183、2.232,均P<0.05);c : 与HER-2过表达型比较,差异均有统计学意义(t =2.336~2.515,均 P<0.05)。ADC:表观扩散系数;ER:雌激素受体;PR:孕激素受体:HER-2:人表皮生长因子受体2;Ki-67:细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67;TNBC:三阴性乳腺癌 表 2 不同强化类型乳腺癌的ADC与生物学标志物的相关性
Table 2. Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient and biomarkers in different enhancement types of breast cancer
不同类型的检验值 ER(+) PR(+) HER-2 Ki-67 肿块型乳腺癌的ADC r值 0.394 0.360 −0.232 −0.407 P值 0.024 0.044 0.178 0.016 非肿块型乳腺癌的ADC r值 0.371 0.303 −0.214 −0.397 P值 0.036 0.061 0.126 0.027 注:表中,ADC:表观扩散系数;ER:雌激素受体;PR:孕激素受体:HER-2:人表皮生长因子受体2;Ki-67:细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67 -
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