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肝脏是腹部最大的器官,发挥着各种重要的功能,肝脏疾病亦多种多样,其中慢性肝病和肝占位性病变占较大比例,因此对这些疾病的早期准确诊断、鉴别及分期对指导治疗方式的选择具有重要意义。随着无创扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)应用于肝脏病变的诊断以来,在此基础上又发展来的体素内不相干运动、反常扩散成像和扩散峰度成像(diffusion kurtosis imaging,DKI)等也逐渐成为目前研究的热点。其中,DKI技术能够从微观水平对组织微细结构改变、功能代谢变化作出定性、定量诊断,在肝脏良恶性肿瘤病变的准确诊断与鉴别诊断、肿瘤的分级、肝纤维化的早期诊断及分期、治疗效果的评价等方面均有一定的应用价值[1-2]。
磁共振扩散峰度成像在肝脏病变中的研究进展
Research progress of diffusion kurtosis imaging in hepatic lesions
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摘要: 磁共振扩散峰度成像(DKI)是扩散加权成像(DWI)、扩散张量成像(DTI)的延伸与补充,可进一步揭示生物体内水分子运动的非高斯扩散模型,更适合反映人体内微环境,较DWI、DTI技术可提供更准确、真实、丰富的组织微观结构信息。DKI技术问世以来,逐渐应用于各系统疾病的研究,尤其是在神经系统疾病中取得了显著成果,展现出良好的临床价值。DKI可反映微观信息,具有巨大的应用前景,在肝脏疾病方面的研究也越来越多,笔者就DKI在肝脏疾病中的应用予以综述。Abstract: Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is the extension and supplement of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DKI further reveals the Non-Gaussian diffusion model of water molecule movement in organisms. DKI is more suitable for reflecting the micro-environment of human body and provides more accurate, real, and rich organizational microstructure information compared with DWI and DTI technologies. DKI has been gradually applied to the study of diseases in various systems, particularly the nervous system. This technology has achieved remarkable results and shows good clinical value. DKI can reflect microscopic information and has great application prospects. Currently, this technology is contributing to the increase in the number of research works on the liver. This article reviews the application of DKI to the study of liver diseases.
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