[1] Malla S, Kumar P, Madhusudhan KS.  Radiology of the neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract: a comprehensive review[J]. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2021, 46(3): 919-935.   doi: 10.1007/s00261-020-02773-3
[2] 刘炳楠, 王颖, 要少波.  神经内分泌肿瘤核医学显像剂的研究进展[J]. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2020, 44(9): 582-588.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-201906012-00062
Liu BN, Wang Y, Yao SB.  Research progress of nuclear medicine imaging tracers for neuroendocrine neoplasma[J]. Inter J Radiat Med Nucl Med, 2020, 44(9): 582-588.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-201906012-00062
[3] Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al.  Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2008, 9(1): 61-72.   doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70410-2
[4] Modlin IM, Moss SF, Chung DC, et al.  Priorities for improving the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2008, 100(18): 1282-1289.   doi: 10.1093/jnci/djn275
[5] Pavel M, O'Toole D, Costa F, et al.  ENETS consensus guidelines update for the management of distant metastatic disease of intestinal, pancreatic, bronchial neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and NEN of unknown primary site[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2016, 103(2): 172-185.   doi: 10.1159/000443167
[6] Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, et al.  Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2017, 3(10): 1335-1342.   doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0589
[7] Baumann T, Rottenburger C, Nicolas G, et al.  Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET)-imaging and staging[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2016, 30(1): 45-57.   doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.01.003
[8]

Öberg K, Knigge U, Kwekkeboom D, et al. Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up[J]. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(Suppl 7): SⅦ124−Ⅶ130. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds295.

[9] Albrecht J, Exner S, Grötzinger C, et al.  Multimodal imaging of 2-cycle PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-JR11 and 177Lu-DOTATOC in an orthotopic neuroendocrine xenograft tumor mouse model[J]. J Nucl Med, 2021, 62(3): 393-398.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.250274
[10] Cescato R, Schulz S, Waser B, et al.  Internalization of sst2, sst3, and sst5 receptors: effects of somatostatin agonists and antagonists[J]. J Nucl Med, 2006, 47(3): 502-511.
[11] Waser B, Tamma ML, Cescato R, et al.  Highly efficient in vivo agonist-induced internalization of sst2 receptors in somatostatin target tissues[J]. J Nucl Med, 2009, 50(6): 936-941.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.061457
[12] Reubi JC, Waser B, Cescato R, et al.  Internalized somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in neuroendocrine tumors of octreotide-treated patients[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95(5): 2343-2350.   doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2487
[13]

Kaltsas GA, Mukherjee JJ, Grossman AB. The value of radiolabelled MIBG and octreotide in the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Ann Oncol, 2001, 12(Suppl 2): S47−50. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s47.

[14] Hicks RJ, Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning E, et al.  ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine neoplasia: peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2017, 105(3): 295-309.   doi: 10.1159/000475526
[15] Hindié E, Morgat C, Zanotti-Fregonara P, et al.  Advantages and limits of targeted radionuclide therapy with somatostatin antagonists[J]. J Nucl Med, 2018, 59(3): 546-547.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.202630
[16]

Baum RP, Kulkarni HR, Singh A, et al. Results and adverse events of personalized peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Yttrium and 177Lutetium in 1048 patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms[J/OL]. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(24): 16932−16950[2021-05-16]. https://www.oncotarget.com/article/24524/text. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24524.

[17] Ginj M, Zhang HW, Waser B, et al.  Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor antagonists are preferable to agonists for in vivo peptide receptor targeting of tumors[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006, 103(44): 16436-16441.   doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607761103
[18] Krebs S, Pandit-Taskar N, Reidy D, et al.  Biodistribution and radiation dose estimates for 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019, 46(3): 677-685.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-4193-y
[19] Nicolas GP, Schreiter N, Kaul F, et al.  Sensitivity comparison of 68Ga-OPS202 and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective phase Ⅱ imaging study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2018, 59(6): 915-921.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199760
[20] Nicolas GP, Beykan S, Bouterfa H, et al.  Safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of 68Ga-OPS202 in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective phase Ⅰ imaging study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2018, 59(6): 909-914.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199737
[21] Bass RT, Buckwalter BL, Patel BP, et al.  Identification and characterization of novel somatostatin antagonists[J]. Mol Pharmacol, 1996, 50(4): 709-715.
[22] Fani M, Braun F, Waser B, et al.  Unexpected sensitivity of sst2 antagonists to N-terminal radiometal modifications[J]. J Nucl Med, 2012, 53(9): 1481-1489.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.102764
[23] Mansi R, Fani M.  Design and development of the theranostic pair 177Lu-OPS201/68Ga-OPS202 for targeting somatostatin receptor expressing tumors[J]. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm, 2019, 62(10): 635-645.   doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3755
[24] Wild D, Fani M, Behe M, et al.  First clinical evidence that imaging with somatostatin receptor antagonists is feasible[J]. J Nucl Med, 2011, 52(9): 1412-1417.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.088922
[25] Wild D, Fani M, Fischer R, et al.  Comparison of somatostatin receptor agonist and antagonist for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: a pilot study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2014, 55(8): 1248-1252.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.114.138834
[26] Nicolas GP, Mansi R, McDougall L, et al.  Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of 177Lu-, 90Y-, and 111In-labeled somatostatin receptor antagonist OPS201 in comparison to the agonist 177Lu-DOTATATE: the mass effect[J]. J Nucl Med, 2017, 58(9): 1435-1441.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.191684
[27]

Rylova SN, Stoykow C, Del Pozzo L, et al. The somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 outperforms 64Cu-DOTA-TATE in a mouse xenograft model[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(4): e0195802[2021-05-16]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0195802. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195802.

[28] Walker RC, Smith GT, Liu E, et al.  Measured human dosimetry of 68Ga-DOTATATE[J]. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54(6): 855-860.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114165
[29] Zhu WJ, Cheng YJ, Wang XZ, et al.  Head-to-head comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-JR11 and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in patients with metastatic, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2020, 61(6): 897-903.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.235093
[30] Frilling A, Clift AK.  Therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine liver metastases[J]. Cancer, 2015, 121(8): 1172-1186.   doi: 10.1002/cncr.28760
[31] Shah MH, Goldner WS, Halfdanarson TR, et al.  NCCN guidelines insights: neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors, version 2.2018[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2018, 16(6): 693-702.   doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.0056
[32] Perren A, Couvelard A, Scoazec JY, et al.  ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: pathology: diagnosis and prognostic stratification[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2017, 105(3): 196-200.   doi: 10.1159/000457956
[33] Strosberg J, El-Haddad G, Wolin E et al.  Phase 3 trial of 177Lu-Dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors[J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376(2): 125-135.   doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607427
[34] Bodei L, Kwekkeboom DJ, Kidd M, et al.  Radiolabeled somatostatin analogue therapy of gastroenteropancreatic cancer[J]. Semin Nucl Med, 2016, 46(3): 225-238.   doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.12.003
[35] Reidy-Lagunes D, Pandit-Taskar N, O'Donoghue JA, et al.  Phase Ⅰ trial of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with radiolabeled somatostatin antagonist 177Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 25(23): 6939-6947.   doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1026
[36] Dalm SU, Nonnekens J, Doeswijk GN, et al.  Comparison of the therapeutic response to treatment with a 177Lu-labeled somatostatin receptor agonist and antagonist in preclinical models[J]. J Nucl Med, 2016, 57(2): 260-265.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.115.167007
[37] Pozzari M, Maisonneuve P, Spada F, et al.  Systemic therapies in patients with advanced well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs): when cytoreduction is the aim. A critical review with meta-analysis[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2018, 71: 39-46.   doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.008
[38] van Essen M, Krenning EP, Kam BL, et al.  Peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy for endocrine tumors[J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2009, 5(7): 382-393.   doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.105
[39]

van Eerd JE, Vegt E, Wetzels JF, et al. Gelatin-based plasma expander effectively reduces renal uptake of 111In-octreotide in mice and rats[J]. J Nucl Med, 2006, 47(3): 528−533.

[40] Garske-Román U, Sandström M, Fröss Baron K, et al.  Prospective observational study of 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate therapy in 200 patients with advanced metastasized neuroendocrine tumours (NETs): feasibility and impact of a dosimetry-guided study protocol on outcome and toxicity[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2018, 45(6): 970-988.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-3945-z
[41] Ballal S, Yadav MP, Bal C, et al.  Broadening horizons with 225Ac-DOTATATE targeted alpha therapy for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumour patients stable or refractory to 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT: first clinical experience on the efficacy and safety[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2020, 47(4): 934-946.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04567-2
[42] O'Dorisio TM, Harris AG, O'Dorisio MS.  Evolution of neuroendocrine tumor therapy[J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2020, 29(2): 145-163.   doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2019.11.002
[43] 陈宏扬, 朱春娴, 孙蕾民.  胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的核医学诊治进展[J]. 健康研究, 2021, 41(1): 47-51.   doi: 10.19890/j.cnki.issn1674-6449.2021.01.012
Chen HY, Zhu CX, Sun LM.  Advances in the nuclear medicine: diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Health Res, 2021, 41(1): 47-51.   doi: 10.19890/j.cnki.issn1674-6449.2021.01.012
[44] Kunikowska J, Zemczak A, Kołodziej M, et al.  Tandem peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using 90Y/177Lu-DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumors efficacy and side-effects-polish multicenter experience[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2020, 47(4): 922-933.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04690-5
[45] Adant S, Shah GM, Beauregard JM.  Combination treatments to enhance peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumours[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2020, 47(4): 907-921.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04499-x
[46] Bergsma H, Konijnenberg MW, van der Zwan WA, et al.  Nephrotoxicity after PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2016, 43(10): 1802-1811.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-016-3382-9
[47] Sandström M, Garske-Román U, Granberg D, et al.  Individualized dosimetry of kidney and bone marrow in patients undergoing 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate treatment[J]. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54(1): 33-41.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.107524