[1] Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al.  Global cancer statistics, 2012[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2): 87-108.   doi: 10.3322/caac.21262
[2] Chen WQ, Zheng RS, Baade PD, et al.  Cancer statistics in China, 2015[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2): 115-132.   doi: 10.3322/caac.21338
[3] Lee M, Ko H, Yun M.  Cancer metabolism as a mechanism of treatment resistance and potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2018, 59(10): 1143-1149.   doi: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1143
[4] Lee SM, Kim HS, Lee S, et al.  Emerging role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for guiding management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2019, 25(11): 1289-1306.   doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i11.1289
[5] Zheng JH, Chang ZH, Han CB, et al.  Detection of residual tumor following radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases using 18F-FDG PET/PET-CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Nucl Med Commun, 2014, 35(4): 339-346.   doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000057
[6] Na SJ, Oh J, Hyun SH, et al.  18F-FDG PET/CT can predict survival of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2017, 58(5): 730-736.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182022
[7] Delbeke D, Martin WH, Sandler MP, et al.  Evaluation of benign vs malignant hepatic lesions with positron emission tomography[J]. Arch Surg, 1998, 133(5): 510-516.   doi: 10.1001/archsurg.133.5.510
[8] 麦启聪, 何健, 陈晓明.  肝细胞癌2019年临床研究重要进展回顾[J]. 循证医学, 2020, 20(1): 29-31.   doi: 10.12019/j.issn.1671-5144.2020.01.006
Mai QC, He J, Chen XM.  Review of significant advances in clinical trial of hepatocellular carcinoma in 2019[J]. J Evid Based Med, 2020, 20(1): 29-31.   doi: 10.12019/j.issn.1671-5144.2020.01.006
[9] Castilla-Lièvre MA, Franco D, Gervais P, et al.  Diagnostic value of combining 11C-choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2016, 43(5): 852-859.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-015-3241-0
[10] Bertagna F, Bertoli M, Bosio G, et al.  Diagnostic role of radiolabelled choline PET or PET/CT in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Hepatol Int, 2014, 8(4): 493-500.   doi: 10.1007/s12072-014-9566-0
[11] Torizuka T, Tamaki N, Inokuma T, et al.  In vivo assessment of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma with FDG-PET[J]. J Nucl Med, 1995, 36(10): 1811-1817.
[12] Huebner RH, Park KC, Shepherd JE, et al.  A meta-analysis of the literature for whole-body FDG PET detection of recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. J Nucl Med, 2000, 41(7): 1177-1189.
[13] Heimbach JK, Kulik LM, Finn RS, et al.  AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 67(1): 358-380.   doi: 10.1002/hep.29086
[14] European Association for the Study of the Liver.  EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2018, 69(1): 182-236.   doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019
[15] El-Serag HB, Davila JA.  Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: in whom and how?[J]. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2011, 4(1): 5-10.   doi: 10.1177/1756283X10385964
[16] Salem N, Kuang Y, Corn D, et al.  [(Methyl)1-11C]-acetate metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Mol Imaging Biol, 2011, 13(1): 140-151.   doi: 10.1007/s11307-010-0308-y
[17] Filippi L, Schillaci O, Bagni O.  Recent advances in PET probes for hepatocellular carcinoma characterization[J]. Expert Rev Med Devices, 2019, 16(5): 341-350.   doi: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1608817
[18] 赵升, 赵雷, 张锐, 等.  11C-乙酸盐与18F-FDG PET/CT联合显像在原发性肝癌诊断中的应用[J]. 中华核医学与分子影像杂志, 2018, 38(9): 623-624.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2018.09.010
Zhao S, Zhao L, Zhang R, et al.  Application of 11C-acetate PET/CT combined with 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer[J]. Chin J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2018, 38(9): 623-624.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2018.09.010
[19] 麻广宇, 刘家金, 徐白萱, 等.  11C-乙酸盐PET/CT显像在中、高分化肝细胞肝癌复发与转移监测中的应用研究[J]. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2018, 42(4): 312-316.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2018.04.004
Ma GY, Liu JJ, Xu BX, et al.  Application of 11C-acetate PET/CT imaging in the detection of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma with intermediate and high differentiation[J]. Int J of Radiat Med Nucl Med, 2018, 42(4): 312-316.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2018.04.004
[20] Wu HB, Wang QS, Li BY, et al.  F-18 FDG in conjunction with 11C-choline PET/CT in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2011, 36(12): 1092-1097.   doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182335df4
[21] Kuang Y, Salem N, Tian HB, et al.  Imaging lipid synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma with [methyl-11C]choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies[J]. J Nucl Med, 2011, 52(1): 98-106.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.080366
[22] Lopci E, Torzilli G, Poretti D, et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of 11C-choline PET/CT in comparison with CT and/or MRI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2015, 42(9): 1399-1407.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-015-3079-5
[23]

高之晔. 18F-FCH联合18F-FDG PET/CT显像在肝细胞肝癌中的应用价值[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2018.

Gao ZY. The value of 18F-FCH combined with 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2018.
[24] 吴春英, 林祥通, 张满达, 等.  18F标记的正电子放射性药物及其临床应用[J]. 中华核医学杂志, 2002, 22(2): 125-128.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2002.02.033
Wu CY, Lin XT, Zhang MD, et al.  18F labeled positron radiopharmaceuticals and its clinical application[J]. Chin J Nucl Med, 2002, 22(2): 125-128.   doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2002.02.033
[25] Talbot JN, Fartoux L, Balogova S, et al.  Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with PET/CT: a prospective comparison of 18F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease[J]. J Nucl Med, 2010, 51(11): 1699-1706.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.075507
[26] Been LB, Suurmeijer AJH, Cobben DCP, et al.  [18F]FLT-PET in oncology: current status and opportunities[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2004, 31(12): 1659-1672.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-004-1687-6
[27] Reske SN, Deisenhofer S.  Is 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine a better marker for tumour response than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose?[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2006, 33(Suppl 1): S38-43.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-006-0134-2
[28] Eckel F, Herrmann K, Schmidt S, et al.  Imaging of proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma with the in vivo marker 18F-fluorothymidine[J]. J Nucl Med, 2009, 50(9): 1441-1447.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.065896
[29] Sorensen M, Munk OL, Mortensen FV, et al.  Hepatic uptake and metabolism of galactose can be quantified in vivo by 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxygalactose positron emission tomography[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2008, 296(1): G27-G36.   doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00004.2008
[30] Sørensen M.  Determination of hepatic galactose elimination capacity using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose PET/CT: reproducibility of the method and metabolic heterogeneity in a normal pig liver model[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2011, 46(1): 98-103.   doi: 10.3109/00365521.2010.510574
[31] Frisch K, Bender D, Hansen SB, et al.  Nucleophilic radiosynthesis of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose from talose triflate and biodistribution in a porcine model[J]. Nucl Med Biol, 2011, 38(4): 477-483.   doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.11.006
[32] Sørensen M, Frisch K, Bender D, et al.  The potential use of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose as a PET/CT tracer for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011, 38(9): 1723-1731.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-011-1831-z
[33] Bak-Fredslund KP, Keiding S, Villadsen GE, et al.  [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose positron emission tomography/computed tomography as complementary imaging tool in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Liver Int, 2020, 40(2): 447-455.   doi: 10.1111/liv.14293
[34] Baek S, Mueller A, Lim YS, et al.  (4S)-4-(3-18F-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate for imaging of xC¯ transporter activity in hepatocellular carcinoma using PET: preclinical and exploratory clinical studies[J]. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54(1): 117-123.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.108704
[35] Kavanaugh G, Williams J, Morris AS, et al.  Utility of [18F]FSPG PET to image hepatocellular carcinoma: first clinical evaluation in a US population[J]. Mol Imaging Biol, 2016, 18(6): 924-934.   doi: 10.1007/s11307-016-1007-0
[36] Pompe RS, Karakiewicz PI, Tian Z, et al.  Oncological and functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy for high or very high-risk prostate cancer: European validation of the current NCCN guideline[J]. J Urol, 2017, 198(2): 354-361.   doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.070
[37] de Keizer B, Krijger GC, Ververs FT, et al.  68Ga-PSMA PET-CT imaging of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma[J]. Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2017, 51(4): 360-361.   doi: 10.1007/s13139-016-0445-6
[38] Kesler M, Levine C, Hershkovitz D, et al.  68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen is a novel PET/CT tracer for imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective pilot study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2019, 60(2): 185-191.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.214833
[39] Kuyumcu S, Has-Simsek D, Iliaz R, et al.  Evidence of prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma using 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2019, 44(9): 702-706.   doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002701
[40] Kratochwil C, Flechsig P, Lindner T, et al.  68Ga-FAPI PET/CT: tracer uptake in 28 different kinds of cancer[J]. J Nucl Med, 2019, 60(6): 801-805.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.227967
[41] Luo YP, Pan QQ, Yang HX, et al.  Fibroblast activation protein-targeted PET/CT with 68Ga-FAPI for imaging IgG4-related disease: comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT[J]. J Nucl Med, 2021, 62(2): 266-271.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.244723
[42] Giesel FL, Kratochwil C, Lindner T, et al.  68Ga-FAPI PET/CT: biodistribution and preliminary dosimetry estimate of 2 DOTA-containing FAP-targeting agents in patients with various cancers[J]. J Nucl Med, 2019, 60(3): 386-392.   doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.215913
[43] Shi XM, Xing HQ, Yang XB, et al.  Fibroblast imaging of hepatic carcinoma with 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT: a pilot study in patients with suspected hepatic nodules[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2021, 48(1): 196-203.   doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04882-z