Abstract: With the rapid development of nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment technology, radionuclides are increasingly widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment. As occupational personnel with direct exposure to radiation sources, radiation protection compliance nursing for nurses in the department of nuclear medicine is not only related to their own occupational health, but also directly affects medical safety and the quality of diagnosis and treatment. Radiation protection compliance nursing is a systematic work covering multiple dimensions, such as physical dose control, implementation of management regulations, improvement of nurses' knowledge-attitude-practice levels, and psychological protection. Although radiation protection compliance nursing among nurses in the department of nuclear medicine has achieved certain achievements, there are still many problems to be solved urgently. The authors systematically review the implementation status and key influencing factors of radiation protection compliance nursing for nurses in the department of nuclear medicine, and propose targeted optimization paths, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical basis for improving the quality of nuclear medicine nursing and ensuring the occupational safety of nurses.