Abstract: Amid intense competition in the global nuclear energy sector, the development of China′s nuclear fusion energy industry is advancing rapidly. Radioactive nuclide tritium is a key fuel for nuclear fusion reactions, and conducting scientific research on it has become a top priority in the current nuclear energy field. Over the past 30 years, China has conducted extensive work in areas including tritium source term, environmental monitoring and risk assessment of tritium, tritium transfer in the food chain and radiation hazard evaluation, and tritium waste treatment and protection management. This paper systematically reviews research progress on nuclear tritium source term, tritium sources and environmental transfer, detection methods for tritium in environmental samples, estimation of internal exposure doses, and biological effects. It provides a systematic theoretical basis and reference for optimizing the evaluation of internal exposure doses of tritium, improving risk assessment of internal exposure to tritium, and formulating radiation protection management strategies.