Abstract: The primary treatment modalities for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) include surgery, ¹³¹I therapy, and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression therapy. Patients receiving standardized treatment have a high five-year survival rate and a favorable prognosis. However, surgery and ¹³¹I therapy may adversely affect parathyroid function in DTC patients, leading to hypoparathyroidism (HP). The authors review and analyze recent literatures on the effects of surgery and ¹³¹I therapy on parathyroid function in DTC patients, explore potential influencing factors for HP and protective measures during treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for clinicians in treatment decision-making and regimen selection.