Abstract: PET imaging and radioligand therapy targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been successfully translated into clinical practice. They have been incorporated into several national and international guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Besides prostate cancer, PSMA has been confirmed to be highly expressed in a variety of solid malignancies and their neovasculature. PET imaging and radioligand therapy targeting PSMA are increasingly studied in non-prostate neoplasms. The authors review relevant basic and clinical research to preliminarily clarify its clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment for non-prostate neoplasms.